{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914894377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308558.3313687","title":"Spiders like Onions: on the Network of Tor Hidden Services","display_name":"Spiders like Onions: on the Network of Tor Hidden Services","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914894377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308558.3313687","mag":"2914894377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3308558.3313687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308558.3313687","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Wide Web Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308558.3313687","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006496977","display_name":"Massimo Bernaschi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3661-9836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106125","display_name":"Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo Mauro Picone","ror":"https://ror.org/00ygy3d85","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106125","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Bernaschi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo \"Mauro Picone\" (IAC - CNR), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo \"Mauro Picone\" (IAC - CNR), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005168115","display_name":"Alessandro Celestini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8493-4550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106125","display_name":"Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo Mauro Picone","ror":"https://ror.org/00ygy3d85","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106125","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Celestini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo \"Mauro Picone\" (IAC - CNR), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo \"Mauro Picone\" (IAC - CNR), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053439134","display_name":"Stefano Guarino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1545-7711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106125","display_name":"Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo Mauro Picone","ror":"https://ror.org/00ygy3d85","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106125","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Guarino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo \"Mauro Picone\" (IAC - CNR), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo \"Mauro Picone\" (IAC - CNR), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053363798","display_name":"Flavio Lombardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0723-7847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106125","display_name":"Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo Mauro Picone","ror":"https://ror.org/00ygy3d85","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106125","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flavio Lombardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo \"Mauro Picone\" (IAC - CNR), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo \"Mauro Picone\" (IAC - CNR), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106125"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053212610","display_name":"Enrico Mastrostefano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0023-7943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106125","display_name":"Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo Mauro Picone","ror":"https://ror.org/00ygy3d85","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106125","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Mastrostefano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo \"Mauro Picone\" (IAC - CNR), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo \"Mauro Picone\" (IAC - CNR), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106125"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006496977"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106125"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1002,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90111887,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"105","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.8163279294967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crawling","display_name":"Crawling","score":0.7638147473335266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7357738614082336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-web","display_name":"Deep Web","score":0.5647645592689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5227001905441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5203092098236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-graph","display_name":"Social graph","score":0.448478639125824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.43362191319465637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.43045806884765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3214111328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.14286810159683228}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.8163279294967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100368936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411725","display_name":"Crawling","level":2,"score":0.7638147473335266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7357738614082336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46721378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221989","display_name":"Deep Web","level":3,"score":0.5647645592689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5227001905441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5203092098236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777522414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q648457","display_name":"Social graph","level":3,"score":0.448478639125824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.43362191319465637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.43045806884765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3214111328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.14286810159683228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3308558.3313687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308558.3313687","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Wide Web Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3308558.3313687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3308558.3313687","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Wide Web Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120264976","https://openalex.org/W256861921","https://openalex.org/W283267621","https://openalex.org/W1475732121","https://openalex.org/W1594777977","https://openalex.org/W1971892934","https://openalex.org/W1976334448","https://openalex.org/W2000042664","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2011143921","https://openalex.org/W2017274979","https://openalex.org/W2019789576","https://openalex.org/W2033193852","https://openalex.org/W2070176704","https://openalex.org/W2070207525","https://openalex.org/W2080429359","https://openalex.org/W2088856850","https://openalex.org/W2094140553","https://openalex.org/W2113341218","https://openalex.org/W2115579680","https://openalex.org/W2122710250","https://openalex.org/W2127405101","https://openalex.org/W2129620481","https://openalex.org/W2150596521","https://openalex.org/W2163007546","https://openalex.org/W2175110005","https://openalex.org/W2258998514","https://openalex.org/W2283045161","https://openalex.org/W2358405685","https://openalex.org/W2471551682","https://openalex.org/W2559795692","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2604368635","https://openalex.org/W2737644180","https://openalex.org/W2738509022","https://openalex.org/W2744692361","https://openalex.org/W3103362336","https://openalex.org/W3143219376","https://openalex.org/W6658527287","https://openalex.org/W6793127252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3159260320","https://openalex.org/W3157689944","https://openalex.org/W4375825577","https://openalex.org/W2384770049","https://openalex.org/W2006821413","https://openalex.org/W1973846084","https://openalex.org/W2095343893","https://openalex.org/W2784233313","https://openalex.org/W4245709619","https://openalex.org/W4390437572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tor":[0,27,70,81,109,139,155,167],"hidden":[1,48,86,140,168],"services":[2,49,169],"allow":[3],"offering":[4],"and":[5,17,37,50,92,124,150,177],"accessing":[6],"various":[7],"Internet":[8],"resources":[9],"while":[10],"guaranteeing":[11],"a":[12,113,183,189],"high":[13,191],"degree":[14],"of":[15,46,62,69,79,97,138,153,166,172,175,193],"provider":[16],"user":[18],"anonymity.":[19],"So":[20],"far,":[21],"most":[22],"research":[23],"work":[24,40],"on":[25],"the":[26,44,60,63,67,77,80,85,135,154,164,173],"network":[28,68],"aimed":[29,41],"at":[30,42,84],"discovering":[31],"protocol":[32],"vulnerabilities":[33],"to":[34,146],"de-anonymize":[35],"users":[36],"services.":[38,71],"Other":[39],"estimating":[43],"number":[45],"available":[47],"classifying":[51],"them.":[52],"Something":[53],"that":[54],"still":[55],"remains":[56],"largely":[57],"unknown":[58],"is":[59],"structure":[61],"graph":[64,82,165],"defined":[65],"by":[66,95,106],"In":[72,129],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"we":[75,142],"describe":[76],"topology":[78],"(aggregated":[83],"service":[87],"level)":[88],"measuring":[89],"both":[90],"global":[91],"local":[93],"properties":[94],"means":[96],"well-known":[98],"metrics.":[99],"We":[100,118],"consider":[101],"three":[102,110,122],"different":[103],"snapshots":[104],"obtained":[105],"extensively":[107],"crawling":[108],"times":[111],"over":[112],"5":[114],"months":[115],"time":[116,148],"frame.":[117],"separately":[119],"study":[120],"these":[121],"graphs":[123],"their":[125],"shared":[126],"\u201cstable\u201d":[127],"core.":[128],"doing":[130],"so,":[131],"other":[132,162],"than":[133],"assessing":[134],"renowned":[136],"volatility":[137],"services,":[141],"make":[143],"it":[144],"possible":[145],"distinguish":[147],"dependent":[149],"structural":[151],"aspects":[152],"graph.":[156],"Our":[157],"findings":[158],"show":[159],"that,":[160],"among":[161],"things,":[163],"presents":[170],"some":[171],"characteristics":[174],"social":[176],"surface":[178],"web":[179],"graphs,":[180],"along":[181],"with":[182],"few":[184],"unique":[185],"peculiarities,":[186],"such":[187],"as":[188],"very":[190],"percentage":[192],"nodes":[194],"having":[195],"no":[196],"outbound":[197],"links.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}