{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2950018366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3307650.3322213","title":"Statistical assertions for validating patterns and finding bugs in quantum programs","display_name":"Statistical assertions for validating patterns and finding bugs in quantum programs","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2950018366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3307650.3322213","mag":"2950018366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3307650.3322213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3307650.3322213","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3307650.3322213","source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 46th International Symposium on Computer Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3307650.3322213","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yipeng Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yipeng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Margaret Martonosi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret Martonosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5017,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":123,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97248431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"541","last_page":"553"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.7684000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.5368000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.5214999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-state","display_name":"Quantum state","score":0.4503999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.382999986410141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.7684000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6894000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.5368000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5214999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4823000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15706264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230883","display_name":"Quantum state","level":3,"score":0.4503999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.3208000063896179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3307650.3322213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3307650.3322213","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3307650.3322213","source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 46th International Symposium on Computer Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1905.09721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.09721","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.09721","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3307650.3322213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3307650.3322213","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3307650.3322213","source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 46th International Symposium on Computer Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7875204501","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1730082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2950018366.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2950018366.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1783862658","https://openalex.org/W1944374408","https://openalex.org/W1975548669","https://openalex.org/W2037118799","https://openalex.org/W2044357043","https://openalex.org/W2062738866","https://openalex.org/W2072969317","https://openalex.org/W2103373613","https://openalex.org/W2117980155","https://openalex.org/W2160347025","https://openalex.org/W2174510006","https://openalex.org/W2339327743","https://openalex.org/W2344283309","https://openalex.org/W2482126025","https://openalex.org/W2510044070","https://openalex.org/W2562491126","https://openalex.org/W2563269605","https://openalex.org/W2586874551","https://openalex.org/W2607213325","https://openalex.org/W2762760962","https://openalex.org/W2790668893","https://openalex.org/W2899524259","https://openalex.org/W2913992572","https://openalex.org/W2929440550","https://openalex.org/W2963481762","https://openalex.org/W3004181536","https://openalex.org/W3023478445"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,70],"support":[1],"of":[2,41,101,107,152],"the":[3,38,117],"growing":[4],"interest":[5],"in":[6,99,128,143],"quantum":[7,16,27,42,68,75,92,113,121,130,141,163],"computing":[8],"experimentation,":[9],"programmers":[10,32,55,87],"need":[11],"new":[12],"tools":[13],"to":[14,22,36,48,63,88,119,137,166],"write":[15],"algorithms":[17],"as":[18],"program":[19,76,93,131],"code.":[20],"Compared":[21],"debugging":[23,26],"classical":[24,83],"programs,":[25],"programs":[28,142],"is":[29],"difficult":[30,47],"because":[31],"have":[33,59],"limited":[34],"ability":[35,118],"probe":[37],"internal":[39],"states":[40,45],"programs;":[43],"those":[44],"are":[46,154],"interpret":[49],"even":[50],"when":[51,66],"observations":[52],"exist;":[53],"and":[54,146,156,169],"do":[56],"not":[57],"yet":[58],"guidelines":[60],"for":[61,65,161],"what":[62,150],"check":[64],"building":[67],"programs.":[69],"this":[71],"work,":[72],"we":[73],"present":[74],"assertions":[77,136,168],"based":[78],"on":[79,82],"statistical":[80],"tests":[81],"observations.":[84],"These":[85],"allow":[86],"decide":[89],"if":[90],"a":[91,129,159],"state":[94],"matches":[95],"its":[96],"expected":[97],"value":[98],"one":[100],"classical,":[102],"superposition,":[103],"or":[104],"entangled":[105],"types":[106,151],"states.":[108],"We":[109,133,148],"extend":[110],"an":[111],"existing":[112],"programming":[114,164],"language":[115],"with":[116],"specify":[120],"assertions,":[122],"which":[123],"our":[124],"tool":[125],"then":[126],"checks":[127],"simulator.":[132],"use":[134],"these":[135],"debug":[138],"three":[139],"benchmark":[140],"factoring,":[144],"search,":[145],"chemistry.":[147],"share":[149],"bugs":[153],"possible,":[155],"lay":[157],"out":[158],"strategy":[160],"using":[162],"patterns":[165],"place":[167],"prevent":[170],"bugs.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2019-06-27T00:00:00"}
