{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2950380940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3307334.3326104","title":"WatchTower","display_name":"WatchTower","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2950380940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3307334.3326104","mag":"2950380940"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3307334.3326104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3307334.3326104","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3307334.3326104","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3307334.3326104","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053593890","display_name":"Ravi Netravali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7002-5033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Netravali","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008674902","display_name":"Anirudh Sivaraman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5025-4234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anirudh Sivaraman","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020094804","display_name":"James Mickens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7296-5185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Mickens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113516878","display_name":"Hari Balakrishnan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hari Balakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053593890"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5997,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9052433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"430","last_page":"443"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7127656936645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.6105417013168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5242964625358582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/push-technology","display_name":"Push technology","score":0.4562545716762543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4329341650009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.4305901527404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.4247579872608185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08494162559509277}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7127656936645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.6105417013168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5242964625358582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180652500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1351910","display_name":"Push technology","level":2,"score":0.4562545716762543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4329341650009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.4305901527404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.4247579872608185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08494162559509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3307334.3326104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3307334.3326104","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3307334.3326104","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/129740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"other univ website","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3307334.3326104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3307334.3326104","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3307334.3326104","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5952303273","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1407470","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2950380940.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2950380940.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65242977","https://openalex.org/W71185953","https://openalex.org/W151129402","https://openalex.org/W953909863","https://openalex.org/W1421675253","https://openalex.org/W1438284018","https://openalex.org/W1504028050","https://openalex.org/W1558573344","https://openalex.org/W1772688858","https://openalex.org/W1966073168","https://openalex.org/W1976986662","https://openalex.org/W1978899177","https://openalex.org/W1986262965","https://openalex.org/W1996497509","https://openalex.org/W2006905279","https://openalex.org/W2020030423","https://openalex.org/W2052491126","https://openalex.org/W2056494114","https://openalex.org/W2062805799","https://openalex.org/W2073538329","https://openalex.org/W2076014973","https://openalex.org/W2090435936","https://openalex.org/W2095968786","https://openalex.org/W2101571537","https://openalex.org/W2129630219","https://openalex.org/W2132051999","https://openalex.org/W2133468529","https://openalex.org/W2212069919","https://openalex.org/W2308483349","https://openalex.org/W2309611224","https://openalex.org/W2335825318","https://openalex.org/W2604847948","https://openalex.org/W2740394872","https://openalex.org/W2740580754","https://openalex.org/W2744843959","https://openalex.org/W2761512103","https://openalex.org/W2798511986","https://openalex.org/W2799088035","https://openalex.org/W2897870292","https://openalex.org/W3002843580","https://openalex.org/W3098019620","https://openalex.org/W4213190682","https://openalex.org/W4241257019","https://openalex.org/W4241430965","https://openalex.org/W6606081787","https://openalex.org/W6741855767"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368605798","https://openalex.org/W2518037665","https://openalex.org/W2348524959","https://openalex.org/W2477036161","https://openalex.org/W2368049389","https://openalex.org/W2384861574","https://openalex.org/W4294565801","https://openalex.org/W2170801710","https://openalex.org/W2952704802","https://openalex.org/W1494213487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0],"dependency":[1],"resolution":[2],"(RDR)":[3],"is":[4,115],"a":[5,14,17,21,34,83,95],"proxy-driven":[6],"scheme":[7,87],"for":[8,88],"reducing":[9],"mobile":[10],"page":[11,19,68,107],"load":[12,75],"times;":[13],"proxy":[15],"loads":[16,120],"requested":[18],"using":[20],"local":[22],"browser,":[23],"fetching":[24],"the":[25,51,59],"page's":[26],"resources":[27],"over":[28],"fast":[29],"proxy-origin":[30],"links":[31],"instead":[32],"of":[33,54,103],"client's":[35],"slow":[36],"last-mile":[37],"links.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"we":[42],"describe":[43],"two":[44],"fundamental":[45],"challenges":[46],"to":[47,63,109,117],"efficient":[48],"RDR":[49,70,112],"proxying:":[50],"increasing":[52],"popularity":[53],"encrypted":[55],"HTTPS":[56,89,134],"content,":[57],"and":[58,67,91,106,127],"fact":[60],"that,":[61],"due":[62],"time-dependent":[64],"network":[65,104],"conditions":[66,105],"properties,":[69],"proxying":[71,86,97],"can":[72],"actually":[73],"increase":[74],"times.":[76],"We":[77],"solve":[78],"these":[79],"problems":[80],"by":[81,92],"introducing":[82],"new,":[84],"secure":[85],"traffic,":[90],"implementing":[93],"WatchTower,":[94],"selective":[96],"system":[98],"that":[99],"uses":[100],"dynamic":[101],"models":[102],"structures":[108],"only":[110],"enable":[111],"when":[113],"it":[114],"predicted":[116],"help.":[118],"WatchTower":[119],"pages":[121],"21.2%-41.3%":[122],"faster":[123],"than":[124],"state-of-the-art":[125],"proxies":[126],"server":[128],"push":[129],"systems,":[130],"while":[131],"preserving":[132],"end-to-end":[133],"security.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2019-06-27T00:00:00"}
