{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2925078036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3306618.3314231","title":"Theories of Parenting and Their Application to Artificial Intelligence","display_name":"Theories of Parenting and Their Application to Artificial Intelligence","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2925078036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3306618.3314231","mag":"2925078036"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3306618.3314231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3306618.3314231","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.06281","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071977506","display_name":"Sky Croeser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6086-2783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","display_name":"Curtin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sky Croeser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Curtin University, Perth, Australia","Curtin University; Perth Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Curtin University, Perth, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Curtin University; Perth Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028409556","display_name":"Peter Eckersley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9048-8529"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Eckersley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Partnership on AI and EFF, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Partnership on AI and EFF, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071977506"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0340882,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"423","last_page":"428"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9394999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9236000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nature-versus-nurture","display_name":"Nature versus nurture","score":0.8119940757751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.6221669912338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.61319899559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-general-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial general intelligence","score":0.5249481201171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.44131723046302795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queer","display_name":"Queer","score":0.43216660618782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.42178255319595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creativity","display_name":"Creativity","score":0.42108774185180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.41766226291656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.41102683544158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.3898795247077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.37054163217544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.312689870595932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.312346875667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.2215527594089508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1423642337322235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.09071308374404907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120452360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1773859","display_name":"Nature versus nurture","level":2,"score":0.8119940757751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.6221669912338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.61319899559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162027153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2264109","display_name":"Artificial general intelligence","level":2,"score":0.5249481201171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44131723046302795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778584255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51415","display_name":"Queer","level":2,"score":0.43216660618782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.42178255319595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.42108774185180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.41766226291656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.41102683544158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3898795247077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37054163217544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.312689870595932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.312346875667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2215527594089508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1423642337322235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09071308374404907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3306618.3314231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3306618.3314231","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1903.06281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.06281","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.06281","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.curtin.edu.au:20.500.11937/82626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/82626","pdf_url":"https://espace.curtin.edu.au/bitstream/20.500.11937/82626/2/82690.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401790","display_name":"eSpace (Curtin University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","host_organization_name":"Curtin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"mag:2925078036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.06281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1903.06281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.06281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1903.06281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.06281","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.06281","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1716970951","https://openalex.org/W1841828540","https://openalex.org/W2087293886","https://openalex.org/W2094856020","https://openalex.org/W2099019320","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2148976878","https://openalex.org/W2462906003","https://openalex.org/W2531099434","https://openalex.org/W2558801266","https://openalex.org/W2573660794","https://openalex.org/W2787887017","https://openalex.org/W2884526887","https://openalex.org/W2893425640","https://openalex.org/W2951428532","https://openalex.org/W6635802757","https://openalex.org/W6682749161","https://openalex.org/W7045318034"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963153573","https://openalex.org/W1508813815","https://openalex.org/W2992064758","https://openalex.org/W3010505444","https://openalex.org/W2924244808","https://openalex.org/W2346920983","https://openalex.org/W1483745583","https://openalex.org/W3196667571","https://openalex.org/W2886198636","https://openalex.org/W1992551963","https://openalex.org/W1584743776","https://openalex.org/W69447231","https://openalex.org/W1974601758","https://openalex.org/W2096911303","https://openalex.org/W3203316820","https://openalex.org/W2040353558","https://openalex.org/W61329646","https://openalex.org/W1977613291","https://openalex.org/W1553632755","https://openalex.org/W1482550253"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"machine":[1],"learning":[2],"(ML)":[3],"systems":[4],"have":[5,8,24],"advanced,":[6],"they":[7,69],"acquired":[9],"more":[10,26,170,175],"power":[11],"over":[12],"humans'":[13],"lives,":[14],"and":[15,28,49,54,79,88,117,134,188],"questions":[16],"about":[17,183],"what":[18],"values":[19],"are":[20,70,160],"embedded":[21],"in":[22,34,41,76,85],"them":[23],"become":[25,169],"complex":[27],"fraught.":[29],"It":[30],"is":[31,93],"conceivable":[32],"that":[33,47,58,124],"the":[35,110,137,184,191],"coming":[36],"decades,":[37],"humans":[38],"may":[39,179],"succeed":[40],"creating":[42],"artificial":[43],"general":[44],"intelligence":[45],"(AGI)":[46],"thinks":[48],"acts":[50],"with":[51],"an":[52,157],"open-endedness":[53],"autonomy":[55],"comparable":[56],"to":[57,95,97,108,114,128,162],"of":[59,112,122,136,151,193],"humans.":[60],"The":[61],"implications":[62],"would":[63],"be":[64,141],"profound":[65],"for":[66],"our":[67],"species;":[68],"now":[71],"widely":[72],"debated":[73],"not":[74],"just":[75],"science":[77],"fiction":[78],"speculative":[80],"research":[81],"agendas":[82],"but":[83],"increasingly":[84,194],"serious":[86],"technical":[87],"policy":[89],"conversations.":[90],"Much":[91],"work":[92],"underway":[94],"try":[96],"weave":[98],"ethics":[99],"into":[100,190],"advancing":[101],"ML":[102,164],"research.":[103],"We":[104,147],"think":[105],"it":[106],"useful":[107],"add":[109],"lens":[111],"parenting":[113,123],"these":[115],"efforts,":[116],"specifically":[118],"radical,":[119],"queer":[120],"theories":[121],"consciously":[125],"set":[126],"out":[127],"nurture":[129],"agents":[130],"whose":[131],"experiences,":[132],"objectives":[133],"understanding":[135],"world":[138,192],"will":[139,168],"necessarily":[140],"very":[142],"different":[143],"from":[144],"their":[145],"parents'.":[146],"propose":[148],"a":[149],"spectrum":[150],"principles":[152,178],"which":[153],"might":[154],"underpin":[155],"such":[156],"effort;":[158],"some":[159],"relevant":[161],"current":[163],"research,":[165],"while":[166],"others":[167],"important":[171],"if":[172],"AGI":[173],"becomes":[174],"likely.":[176],"These":[177],"encourage":[180],"new":[181],"thinking":[182],"development,":[185],"design,":[186],"training,":[187],"release":[189],"autonomous":[195],"agents.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}