{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2936788643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3306500.3306543","title":"Recognizing offline handwritten mathematical expressions efficiently","display_name":"Recognizing offline handwritten mathematical expressions efficiently","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2936788643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3306500.3306543","mag":"2936788643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3306500.3306543","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3306500.3306543","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on E-Education, E-Business, E-Management and E-Learning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042584624","display_name":"Junyi Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7052-2865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junyi Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076712405","display_name":"Yuan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4595-9237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010406311","display_name":"Guiping Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guiping Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102926236","display_name":"Shiwei Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiwei Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101934901","display_name":"Yi Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7923-7673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042584624"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7086,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74185768,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"198","last_page":"204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7864654064178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.7685589790344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.7001323103904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6446437835693359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.6418920755386353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6340519785881042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6298620104789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4810647964477539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-character-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","score":0.47655966877937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.40973782539367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3358103632926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.30098414421081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.16920015215873718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7864654064178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.7685589790344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.7001323103904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6446437835693359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.6418920755386353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6340519785881042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6298620104789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4810647964477539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.47655966877937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.40973782539367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3358103632926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.30098414421081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.16920015215873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3306500.3306543","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3306500.3306543","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on E-Education, E-Business, E-Management and E-Learning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W173650453","https://openalex.org/W1489690104","https://openalex.org/W1799103480","https://openalex.org/W1966254308","https://openalex.org/W1970404815","https://openalex.org/W1975491339","https://openalex.org/W1977062839","https://openalex.org/W1993527677","https://openalex.org/W1999160507","https://openalex.org/W2037121285","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2092919213","https://openalex.org/W2099972257","https://openalex.org/W2117662942","https://openalex.org/W2132630629","https://openalex.org/W2133003941","https://openalex.org/W2133059703","https://openalex.org/W2165657641","https://openalex.org/W2188696123","https://openalex.org/W2198251574","https://openalex.org/W2461512805","https://openalex.org/W2553208809","https://openalex.org/W2609452337","https://openalex.org/W2765332150","https://openalex.org/W2785656387","https://openalex.org/W2935700464","https://openalex.org/W2949727452","https://openalex.org/W2962037073","https://openalex.org/W4205969993","https://openalex.org/W4238254613","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3199359807","https://openalex.org/W4386428871","https://openalex.org/W2901112114","https://openalex.org/W3047607512","https://openalex.org/W3096089954","https://openalex.org/W3003949997","https://openalex.org/W4390983538","https://openalex.org/W2110485610","https://openalex.org/W183832189","https://openalex.org/W2406729210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"a":[5,26,31,41,45,81,109],"system":[6,22,55,79,123],"that":[7],"can":[8],"recognize":[9],"offline":[10],"handwritten":[11,101],"mathematical":[12,102],"expressions":[13,103],"using":[14,126],"limited":[15],"training":[16,33],"data.":[17],"The":[18,54,122],"purpose":[19],"of":[20,48,77,84,94,111],"the":[21,74,78,91,95,120,136],"is":[23,70,87],"to":[24,36,39,72,89,118],"exhibit":[25],"high":[27],"recognition":[28,42,75],"accuracy":[29,134],"with":[30,44],"few":[32],"data":[34],"and":[35,63,80,131],"allow":[37],"everyone":[38],"form":[40,73],"module":[43],"small":[46],"sample":[47],"his":[49],"or":[50],"her":[51],"own":[52],"handwriting.":[53],"comprises":[56],"three":[57],"main":[58],"parts:":[59],"segmentation,":[60],"symbol":[61,116],"recognition,":[62],"structural":[64],"analysis.":[65],"A":[66],"recursive":[67],"cortical":[68],"network":[69],"used":[71],"part":[76],"new":[82],"type":[83],"linked":[85],"list":[86],"proposed":[88],"analyze":[90],"complex":[92],"structure":[93],"expressions.":[96],"We":[97],"prepared":[98],"400":[99],"real":[100],"from":[104,114],"20":[105],"different":[106],"people,":[107],"containing":[108],"total":[110],"60,103":[112],"symbols":[113],"100":[115],"classes":[117],"evaluate":[119],"performance.":[121],"was":[124],"trained":[125],"one":[127],"image":[128],"per":[129],"class":[130],"achieved":[132],"80%":[133],"on":[135],"correct":[137],"segmentation":[138],"result.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
