{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2926546867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3306202","title":"FeatherNet","display_name":"FeatherNet","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2926546867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3306202","mag":"2926546867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3306202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3306202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064681314","display_name":"Raghid Morcel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-9291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghid Morcel","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-9291","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088085383","display_name":"Hazem Hajj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9954-7924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hazem Hajj","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112793176","display_name":"Mazen A. R. Saghir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mazen A. R. Saghir","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065922595","display_name":"Haitham Akkary","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitham Akkary","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083537985","display_name":"Hassan Artail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7648-1187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Artail","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038426107","display_name":"Rahul Khanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8101-4655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Khanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081853002","display_name":"Anil Keshavamurthy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil Keshavamurthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0169,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80441526,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8897233009338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7174559831619263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vhdl","display_name":"VHDL","score":0.6257389783859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6157054305076599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.6131231784820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.607587456703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.5820472836494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.5379678606987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4779113233089447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.45858120918273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.41085484623908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.36272186040878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29729220271110535}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8897233009338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7174559831619263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36941000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209455","display_name":"VHDL","level":3,"score":0.6257389783859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6157054305076599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.6131231784820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.607587456703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.5820472836494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.5379678606987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4779113233089447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.45858120918273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.41085484623908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36272186040878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29729220271110535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3306202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3306202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123426918","https://openalex.org/W587794757","https://openalex.org/W1501488688","https://openalex.org/W1533155545","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1757537413","https://openalex.org/W1841592590","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1968422655","https://openalex.org/W1990315422","https://openalex.org/W2002555321","https://openalex.org/W2034151099","https://openalex.org/W2094756095","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2119144962","https://openalex.org/W2125203716","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2160398557","https://openalex.org/W2286365479","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2319920447","https://openalex.org/W2395566064","https://openalex.org/W2466675884","https://openalex.org/W2469490737","https://openalex.org/W2524428287","https://openalex.org/W2562773490","https://openalex.org/W2565305208","https://openalex.org/W2574797063","https://openalex.org/W2608702473","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2771037060","https://openalex.org/W2782177096","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2963122961","https://openalex.org/W2963656894","https://openalex.org/W3100220590"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383333355","https://openalex.org/W2144353363","https://openalex.org/W3004362061","https://openalex.org/W2364622490","https://openalex.org/W2042515040","https://openalex.org/W2383986884","https://openalex.org/W2356141508","https://openalex.org/W4297665406","https://openalex.org/W2749962643","https://openalex.org/W2390807153"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"Neural":[1],"Network":[2],"(ConvNet":[3],"or":[4,345],"CNN)":[5],"algorithms":[6],"are":[7,34,90,105],"characterized":[8],"by":[9],"a":[10,56,116,163,183,258],"large":[11],"number":[12],"of":[13,64,99,141,172,191,212,246,261,270,313,354,379,403],"model":[14,226],"parameters":[15,234],"and":[16,210,250,281,316,339,359,371,385],"high":[17,150],"computational":[18,213,297],"complexity.":[19],"These":[20,225],"two":[21,274,320],"requirements":[22],"have":[23],"made":[24],"it":[25],"challenging":[26],"for":[27,39,83,365,382],"implementations":[28,49,89,249],"on":[29,69,302,389],"resource-limited":[30],"FPGAs.":[31,41],"The":[32,88,112,135,177,264,374],"challenges":[33,330,358],"magnified":[35],"when":[36],"considering":[37],"designs":[38,380],"low-end":[40,367,390],"While":[42],"previous":[43],"work":[44],"has":[45],"demonstrated":[46,351],"successful":[47],"ConvNet":[48,57,67,175,192,248,262],"with":[50,131,162],"high-end":[51,383,409],"FPGAs,":[52],"this":[53,153,200,284],"article":[54],"presents":[55],"accelerator":[58,223],"design":[59,81,95,101,110,185,271,329,357,375,395],"that":[60,124,186,215,324,386],"enables":[61],"the":[62,75,80,100,139,143,169,173,204,244,268,290,303,314,319,325,352,356,366,377],"implementation":[63],"complex":[65],"deep":[66,174],"architectures":[68],"resource-constrained":[70],"FPGA":[71,276,368],"platforms":[72,384],"aimed":[73],"at":[74,122,126,181],"IoT":[76,391],"market.":[77],"We":[78,322],"call":[79],"\u201cFeatherNet\u201d":[82],"its":[84],"light":[85],"resource":[86,133,197,363],"utilization.":[87,134,198],"VHDL-based":[91],"providing":[92],"flexibility":[93],"in":[94,295,401],"optimizations.":[96],"As":[97],"part":[98],"process,":[102],"new":[103],"methods":[104],"introduced":[106],"to":[107,206,219,242,256,288,306,327,408],"address":[108],"several":[109],"challenges.":[111,348],"first":[113],"method":[114,120,137,179,266],"is":[115],"novel":[117],"stride-aware":[118],"graph-based":[119],"targeted":[121,381],"ConvNets":[123],"aims":[125,180],"achieving":[127,182,360],"efficient":[128],"signal":[129],"processing":[130],"reduced":[132],"second":[136],"addresses":[138,267],"challenge":[140,269],"determining":[142],"minimal":[144],"precision":[145],"arithmetic":[146],"needed":[147,294],"while":[148,194,310],"preserving":[149],"accuracy.":[151],"For":[152,199,283],"challenge,":[154,201,285],"we":[155,202,286],"propose":[156,203,287],"variable-width":[157],"dynamic":[158],"fixed-point":[159],"representations":[160],"combined":[161],"layer-by-layer":[164],"design-space":[165],"pruning":[166],"heuristic":[167],"across":[168],"different":[170,189,275],"layers":[171,193],"model.":[176],"third":[178],"modular":[184],"can":[187,216,228,253,336],"support":[188],"types":[190],"ensuring":[195],"low":[196,361],"modules":[205],"be":[207,217,229,254],"relatively":[208],"small":[209],"composed":[211],"filters":[214],"interconnected":[218],"build":[220],"an":[221],"entire":[222],"design.":[224],"elements":[227],"easily":[230],"configured":[231],"through":[232],"HDL":[233],"(e.g.,":[235],"layer":[236],"type,":[237],"mask":[238],"size,":[239],"stride,":[240],"etc.)":[241],"meet":[243],"needs":[245],"specific":[247],"thus":[251],"they":[252,335],"reused":[255],"implement":[257],"wide":[259],"variety":[260],"architectures.":[263],"fourth":[265],"portability":[272],"between":[273,318],"vendor":[277],"platforms,":[278],"namely,":[279],"Intel/Altera":[280],"Xilinx.":[282],"instantiate":[289],"device-specific":[291],"hardware":[292],"blocks":[293],"each":[296],"filter,":[298],"rather":[299],"than":[300],"relying":[301],"synthesis":[304],"tools":[305],"infer":[307],"these":[308,328],"blocks,":[309],"keeping":[311],"track":[312],"similarities":[315],"differences":[317],"platforms.":[321,392],"believe":[323],"solutions":[326],"further":[331],"advance":[332],"knowledge":[333],"as":[334],"benefit":[337],"designers":[338],"other":[340],"researchers":[341],"using":[342],"similar":[343,347],"devices":[344],"facing":[346],"Our":[349],"results":[350,399],"success":[353],"addressing":[355],"(30%)":[362],"utilization":[364],"platforms:":[369],"Zedboard":[370],"Cyclone":[372],"V.":[373],"overcame":[376],"limitation":[378],"cannot":[387],"fit":[388],"Furthermore,":[393],"our":[394],"showed":[396],"superior":[397],"performance":[398],"(measured":[400],"terms":[402],"[Frame/s/W]":[404],"per":[405],"Dollar)":[406],"compared":[407],"optimized":[410],"designs.":[411]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2019-04-11T00:00:00"}
