{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963214038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3304221.3319782","title":"A Large-Scale Experimental Study of Gender and Pair Composition in Pair Programming","display_name":"A Large-Scale Experimental Study of Gender and Pair Composition in Pair Programming","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963214038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3304221.3319782","mag":"2963214038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3304221.3319782","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3304221.3319782","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3304221.3319782","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3304221.3319782","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089823392","display_name":"Lindsay Jarratt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3031-2916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lindsay Jarratt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023656040","display_name":"Nicholas A. Bowman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8899-7383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas A. Bowman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018263104","display_name":"K. C. Culver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7929-2680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.C. Culver","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071525910","display_name":"Alberto M. Segre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8886-6559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Maria Segre","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089823392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.278,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93870147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"176","last_page":"181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pair-programming","display_name":"Pair programming","score":0.7664165496826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attendance","display_name":"Attendance","score":0.731155276298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5220775008201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.49180129170417786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.44624418020248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composition","display_name":"Composition (language)","score":0.4327716827392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.4296249747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3697596788406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"Medical education","score":0.33470430970191956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13489776849746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12482556700706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.11490386724472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10521110892295837}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174063052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q607013","display_name":"Pair programming","level":4,"score":0.7664165496826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778173179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339289","display_name":"Attendance","level":2,"score":0.731155276298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5220775008201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.49180129170417786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.44624418020248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.4327716827392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4296249747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3697596788406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.33470430970191956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13489776849746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12482556700706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.11490386724472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10521110892295837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3304221.3319782","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3304221.3319782","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3304221.3319782","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3304221.3319782","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3304221.3319782","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3304221.3319782","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4849479083","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1611908","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963214038.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963214038.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181803703","https://openalex.org/W196229736","https://openalex.org/W1488077794","https://openalex.org/W1529465401","https://openalex.org/W1575480831","https://openalex.org/W1603095533","https://openalex.org/W1797215191","https://openalex.org/W1897699553","https://openalex.org/W1986663087","https://openalex.org/W1990272186","https://openalex.org/W1992519180","https://openalex.org/W2016226370","https://openalex.org/W2017992643","https://openalex.org/W2030370904","https://openalex.org/W2031625433","https://openalex.org/W2032217711","https://openalex.org/W2036219993","https://openalex.org/W2063525260","https://openalex.org/W2067863468","https://openalex.org/W2074765208","https://openalex.org/W2074855577","https://openalex.org/W2077917274","https://openalex.org/W2082711330","https://openalex.org/W2094783406","https://openalex.org/W2102762088","https://openalex.org/W2113208984","https://openalex.org/W2117603018","https://openalex.org/W2120907602","https://openalex.org/W2123205137","https://openalex.org/W2132101865","https://openalex.org/W2136534346","https://openalex.org/W2137005344","https://openalex.org/W2142308359","https://openalex.org/W2200517927","https://openalex.org/W2324392187","https://openalex.org/W2521638755","https://openalex.org/W2530828552","https://openalex.org/W2581618815","https://openalex.org/W2620807345","https://openalex.org/W2962837762","https://openalex.org/W2992038756","https://openalex.org/W2997443510","https://openalex.org/W3004053889","https://openalex.org/W3005052618","https://openalex.org/W4248499910"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1554462378","https://openalex.org/W2770226821","https://openalex.org/W2383437318","https://openalex.org/W4366602921","https://openalex.org/W2534262597","https://openalex.org/W1597167924","https://openalex.org/W2089276084","https://openalex.org/W2761418369"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,101,186],"proportion":[1],"of":[2,64,91,134,142,188,226,244],"women":[3,65,76],"in":[4,12,29,66,77,107,115,172,178,210,233],"computer":[5,30,67,110,215,234],"science":[6,31,111,216],"majors":[7],"is":[8],"currently":[9],"lower":[10],"than":[11,199],"any":[13],"other":[14],"STEM":[15],"major.":[16],"Various":[17],"studies":[18],"have":[19,72],"sought":[20],"to":[21,26,97,151,156],"explain---and":[22],"ultimately":[23],"find":[24],"ways":[25],"reduce---gender":[27],"disparities":[28],"participation":[32,232],"and":[33,52,60,88,176],"persistence.":[34],"Pair":[35],"programming":[36,184,228],"has":[37],"been":[38,73],"proposed":[39],"as":[40,167,169,236,238],"a":[41,140,147,158,190],"practice":[42],"that":[43],"may":[44],"not":[45,84],"only":[46],"promote":[47],"outcomes":[48,154],"overall":[49],"within":[50],"college":[51],"workplace":[53],"environments,":[54],"but":[55,80],"also":[56],"help":[57],"diminish":[58],"isolation":[59],"boost":[61],"the":[62,81,89,120,128,131,135,173,179,182,204,211,223,239],"confidence":[63,171,177],"science.":[68],"Some":[69],"promising":[70],"results":[71,219],"obtained":[74],"for":[75,181,196,200,214,222,229,241],"pair":[78,137,183,227,245],"programming,":[79],"findings":[82,129,206],"are":[83],"consistent":[85],"across":[86],"studies,":[87],"limitations":[90],"previous":[92],"research":[93],"make":[94],"it":[95],"difficult":[96],"draw":[98],"strong":[99],"conclusions.":[100],"present":[102],"study":[103],"examined":[104],"969":[105],"undergraduates":[106],"several":[108,152],"introductory":[109],"courses":[112],"who":[113],"engaged":[114],"three":[116],"different":[117],"pairings":[118,123],"throughout":[119],"semester.":[121],"All":[122],"were":[124,193,207],"randomly":[125],"assigned,":[126],"so":[127],"reflect":[130],"causal":[132],"influence":[133],"gender":[136],"characteristics":[138],"on":[139],"variety":[141],"student":[143],"outcomes.":[144],"Overall,":[145,203],"having":[146,157,189],"female":[148,191,197],"partner":[149,192],"led":[150],"positive":[153],"relative":[155],"male":[159,201],"partner;":[160],"these":[161],"included":[162],"greater":[163,170,195],"lab":[164],"section":[165],"attendance":[166],"well":[168,237],"finished":[174],"product":[175],"solution":[180],"assignment.":[185],"advantages":[187],"occasionally":[194],"students":[198],"students.":[202],"significant":[205],"most":[208],"pronounced":[209],"course":[212],"intended":[213],"majors.":[217],"These":[218],"offer":[220],"evidence":[221],"educational":[224],"benefits":[225],"promoting":[230],"women's":[231],"science,":[235],"need":[240],"careful":[242],"consideration":[243],"composition.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}