{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2912419792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3302425.3302427","title":"Facial Expression Recognition using Local Directional Pattern variants and Deep Learning","display_name":"Facial Expression Recognition using Local Directional Pattern variants and Deep Learning","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2912419792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3302425.3302427","mag":"2912419792"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3302425.3302427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3302425.3302427","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Algorithms, Computing and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040730797","display_name":"Kennedy Chengeta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kennedy Chengeta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Durban, Republic of South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Durban, Republic of South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054315649","display_name":"Serestina Viriri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2850-8645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serestina Viriri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Durban, Republic of South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Durban, Republic of South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040730797"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1045,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48759908,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression-recognition","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","score":0.6414793729782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6406347751617432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5968639254570007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5229117274284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.49701717495918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43349170684814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3755277693271637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.3439633846282959}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987714656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","level":4,"score":0.6414793729782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6406347751617432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5968639254570007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5229117274284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.49701717495918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43349170684814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3755277693271637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.3439633846282959}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3302425.3302427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3302425.3302427","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Algorithms, Computing and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W234798790","https://openalex.org/W1489504112","https://openalex.org/W1530517206","https://openalex.org/W1600040999","https://openalex.org/W1964762821","https://openalex.org/W1991049994","https://openalex.org/W1996459352","https://openalex.org/W2014835756","https://openalex.org/W2041682503","https://openalex.org/W2100041876","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2116836390","https://openalex.org/W2125430195","https://openalex.org/W2131119629","https://openalex.org/W2142985784","https://openalex.org/W2162825184","https://openalex.org/W2241510067","https://openalex.org/W2536032018","https://openalex.org/W2561332524","https://openalex.org/W2608133096","https://openalex.org/W2770769349","https://openalex.org/W2775145835","https://openalex.org/W2805568747","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W6610917948"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205986151","https://openalex.org/W2355913164","https://openalex.org/W1153638794","https://openalex.org/W2168968280","https://openalex.org/W2116055069","https://openalex.org/W4323520705","https://openalex.org/W4287865932","https://openalex.org/W2356663679","https://openalex.org/W2169777806","https://openalex.org/W3007082718"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"facial":[1,41,61,84,88,123],"expressions":[2,85],"has":[3],"been":[4],"used":[5,59,127,134,144],"with":[6,180,214],"success":[7],"in":[8,40,60,67,128,243],"medical,":[9],"industrial":[10],"security,":[11],"gaming":[12],"and":[13,24,33,53,76,121,160,195,220,236,250,271,280,295],"aviation":[14],"security":[15],"as":[16,18,145],"well":[17],"marketing":[19],"systems.":[20],"The":[21,70,90,119,240],"study":[22,71,91,224,262],"compares":[23],"analyses":[25],"synergy":[26],"of":[27,86,147,152,185,190,291],"a":[28,100],"Local":[29,55,108,153,229],"Binary":[30],"Pattern":[31,110,231],"variant":[32],"Convolutional":[34,93,131,237,255],"Neural":[35,94,132,238,256],"Networks":[36,95,133],"(CNNs":[37,96],"/":[38,97],"ConvNets)":[39,98],"expression":[42,124],"recognition.":[43],"Major":[44],"emotional":[45],"behavioural":[46],"states":[47],"include":[48],"fear,":[49],"anger,":[50],"neutrality,":[51],"happiness":[52],"sadness.":[54],"Directional":[56,109,154,230],"Patterns":[57],"are":[58,126],"edge":[62,115,248],"detection":[63,116,249],"on":[64,99,114],"local":[65,156,265,268],"features":[66],"grey":[68],"scales.":[69],"applies":[72],"LDP":[73,105,194],"feature":[74,137,191,232],"extraction":[75,192],"uses":[77,92],"deep":[78,196],"learning":[79,197],"CNN":[80],"algorithms":[81],"to":[82,254,287],"recognise":[83],"targeted":[87],"databases.":[89],"dataset":[101],"already":[102],"trained":[103],"by":[104],"Feature":[106],"Extractor.":[107],"algorithm":[111],"is":[112,143],"based":[113],"Kirsh":[117],"Algorithm.":[118],"CK+":[120],"Googleset":[122],"databases":[125],"this":[129],"study.":[130,149],"the":[135,148,223,228,261,264],"extracted":[136],"histograms":[138],"for":[139],"training.":[140],"Performance":[141],"accuracy":[142,167,200,253,283],"measure":[146],"A":[150,188],"hybrid":[151,189,275],"Patterns,":[155],"binary":[157,269],"pattern":[158,270],"variants":[159],"an":[161,166],"ensemble":[162,272],"voting":[163,273],"classifier":[164,274],"gave":[165],"which":[168],"was":[169,201],"within":[170,285],"one":[171],"percentage":[172,205,289],"point":[173,206],"less":[174,202,259,282],"than":[175,203,208],"convolutional":[176,209,292],"neural":[177,210,293],"networks":[178,211,294],"alone":[179,212],"very":[181],"quick":[182],"processing":[183,216,245,278],"times":[184,284],"sub":[186],"minute.":[187],"using":[193,227],"CNN(LDGPNet)":[198],"algorithm's":[199],"1":[204,286],"better":[207],"albeit":[213],"quicker":[215],"time.":[217],"For":[218,258],"modest":[219],"higher":[221,252],"budgets,":[222,260],"recommends":[225,263],"LDGPNet":[226],"extractor,":[233],"Gabor":[234],"Filters":[235],"Networks.":[239,257],"implementation":[241],"resulted":[242],"reduced":[244],"time,":[246,279],"improved":[247],"slightly":[251,281],"directional":[266],"pattern,":[267],"o\"ering":[276],"fastest":[277],"2":[288],"points":[290],"LDGBNet.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
