{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2917218381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3301293.3302376","title":"Freeloader's Guide Through the Google Galaxy","display_name":"Freeloader's Guide Through the Google Galaxy","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2917218381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3301293.3302376","mag":"2917218381"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3301293.3302376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3301293.3302376","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3301293.3302376","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3301293.3302376","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088261711","display_name":"Joshua Adkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6448-1227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Adkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022291288","display_name":"Branden Ghena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8035-9248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Branden Ghena","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035987149","display_name":"Prabal Dutta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4106-9138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabal Dutta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4807,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49741196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"111","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7062019109725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6233865022659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5164266228675842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.5153629183769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.514717161655426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5034005045890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ubiquitous-computing","display_name":"Ubiquitous computing","score":0.4699787199497223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.4437206983566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4265357255935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.42597830295562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3733257055282593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3424184024333954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2687280774116516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24405288696289062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11256492137908936}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7062019109725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6233865022659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5164266228675842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.5153629183769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.514717161655426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5034005045890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172195944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541265","display_name":"Ubiquitous computing","level":2,"score":0.4699787199497223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.4437206983566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4265357255935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.42597830295562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3733257055282593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3424184024333954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2687280774116516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24405288696289062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11256492137908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3301293.3302376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3301293.3302376","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3301293.3302376","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3301293.3302376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3301293.3302376","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3301293.3302376","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7411322844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1824277, DGE-1256260, DGE-1106400, CNS-1822332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2917218381.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2917218381.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011233235","https://openalex.org/W2015146073","https://openalex.org/W2079204536","https://openalex.org/W2079276401","https://openalex.org/W2079978789","https://openalex.org/W2112316694","https://openalex.org/W2124225884","https://openalex.org/W2407895631","https://openalex.org/W2525141551","https://openalex.org/W2592442243","https://openalex.org/W2792812104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2114381667"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,66,75,97,118,162,175,182,214,257],"the":[2,27,54,64,73,114,140,201,255],"largest":[3],"impediments":[4],"to":[5,30,45,58,79,107,121,126,139,152,171,250],"pervasive":[6,11,50],"sensing":[7],"is":[8,48,185],"ensuring":[9],"equally":[10],"network":[12,28],"access.":[13],"While":[14,223],"we":[15,168,230,244],"can":[16],"create":[17],"wireless":[18,69,155],"sensors":[19],"that":[20,238],"last":[21],"for":[22,41,77,189,235,254],"years":[23],"without":[24,217],"human":[25],"intervention,":[26],"infrastructure":[29],"support":[31],"their":[32,81],"deployment":[33,161],"requires":[34],"planning,":[35],"power,":[36],"and":[37,56,101,111,137,196,243],"maintenance.":[38],"The":[39],"potential":[40],"a":[42,158,204,218,246],"crowd-based":[43],"solution":[44],"this":[46,89],"problem":[47],"ripe---ever":[49],"smart":[51],"phones":[52,120],"have":[53,211],"hardware":[55],"connectivity":[57],"serve":[59],"as":[60,148,193],"ubiquitous":[61],"mobile":[62,205],"gateways---however":[63],"fragmentation":[65],"low":[67],"power":[68],"protocols":[70],"combined":[71],"with":[72,177,240],"lack":[74],"incentive":[76],"users":[78],"sacrifice":[80],"own":[82],"resources":[83],"transporting":[84],"others'":[85],"data":[86,125,176,180,216,252],"has":[87,226],"made":[88],"approach":[90],"untenable.":[91],"Through":[92],"an":[93,127,149,178],"\"off":[94],"label''":[95],"use":[96],"Google's":[98],"Physical":[99],"Web":[100],"Nearby":[102,224],"Notifications,":[103],"it":[104,146],"was":[105,133],"possible":[106],"ignore":[108],"these":[109],"problems":[110],"exploit":[112],"nearly":[113],"entire":[115],"global":[116],"population":[117],"Android":[119],"slowly":[122],"transport":[123,173],"sensor":[124,197],"arbitrary":[128,215],"web":[129],"server.":[130],"This":[131,184],"mechanism":[132,249],"enabled":[134,212],"by":[135],"default":[136],"transparent":[138],"phone's":[141],"user.":[142],"On":[143,200],"one":[144,159],"hand,":[145,203],"served":[147],"exciting":[150],"opportunity":[151],"explore":[153],"infrastructure-free":[154],"networking.":[156],"In":[157],"week":[160],"five":[163],"devices":[164],"transmitting":[165],"at":[166],"1\\,Hz,":[167],"were":[169],"able":[170],"successfully":[172],"326\\,kB":[174],"average":[179],"rate":[181],"0.1--2.6\\,bps.":[183],"slow,":[186],"but":[187],"sufficient":[188],"many":[190],"applications":[191],"such":[192],"environmental":[194],"monitoring":[195],"status":[198],"reporting.":[199],"other":[202],"operating":[206],"system":[207],"probably":[208],"should":[209],"not":[210],"exfiltration":[213],"user's":[219],"knowledge":[220],"or":[221],"consent.":[222],"Notifications":[225],"now":[227],"been":[228],"decommissioned,":[229],"examine":[231],"security":[232],"policy":[233],"requirements":[234],"future":[236],"systems":[237],"interact":[239],"nearby":[241],"devices,":[242],"envision":[245],"similar,":[247],"intentional":[248],"allow":[251],"hitchhiking":[253],"Internet":[256],"Things.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}