{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4246900555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3300061.3345456","title":"Extracting 3D Maps from Crowdsourced GNSS Skyview Data","display_name":"Extracting 3D Maps from Crowdsourced GNSS Skyview Data","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4246900555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3300061.3345456"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3300061.3345456","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3300061.3345456","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 25th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091007560","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o G. P. Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1799-8386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o G. P. Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Porto &amp; Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Porto &amp; Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213","https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075956532","display_name":"Ana Aguiar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6020-8087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Aguiar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Porto &amp; Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Porto &amp; Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213","https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5924,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84188957,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.9078545570373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7367953062057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4627196192741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4579471945762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.4485241770744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4398347735404968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4318523406982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4096277952194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3864918351173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3259010910987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3249918818473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.28486326336860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1403888463973999}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9078545570373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7367953062057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4627196192741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4579471945762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.4485241770744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4398347735404968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4318523406982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4096277952194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3864918351173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3259010910987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3249918818473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.28486326336860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1403888463973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3300061.3345456","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3300061.3345456","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 25th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964204825","https://openalex.org/W2043086860","https://openalex.org/W2067552149","https://openalex.org/W2087191962","https://openalex.org/W2101221475","https://openalex.org/W2111591860","https://openalex.org/W2112306707","https://openalex.org/W2137031487","https://openalex.org/W2144540507","https://openalex.org/W2151034334","https://openalex.org/W2215173806","https://openalex.org/W2316879520","https://openalex.org/W2546625419","https://openalex.org/W2565481591","https://openalex.org/W2607059693","https://openalex.org/W2610605913","https://openalex.org/W2776122394"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W4308259661","https://openalex.org/W4390813131","https://openalex.org/W2349383066","https://openalex.org/W4328132048","https://openalex.org/W1969901537","https://openalex.org/W2376202349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3D":[0,33,56,207],"maps":[1,58,208],"of":[2,108,127,129,136,139,201],"urban":[3,16,57,163,186,211],"environments":[4,187],"are":[5,22,73],"useful":[6],"in":[7,120,184],"various":[8],"fields":[9],"ranging":[10],"from":[11,37,62,89,95,150,168],"cellular":[12],"network":[13],"planning":[14,17],"to":[15,112,145],"and":[18,123,148,159,191],"climatology.":[19],"These":[20],"models":[21,85],"typically":[23],"constructed":[24],"using":[25,43,165],"expensive":[26],"techniques":[27],"such":[28,77],"as":[29,78],"manual":[30],"annotation":[31],"with":[32,46],"modeling":[34],"tools,":[35],"extrapolated":[36],"satellite":[38,70,131],"or":[39,42],"aerial":[40],"photography,":[41],"specialized":[44],"hardware":[45],"depth":[47],"sensing":[48],"devices.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"work,":[52],"we":[53,81],"show":[54,82,174],"that":[55,72,83,175],"can":[59,86],"be":[60,87],"extracted":[61,88],"standard":[63,96],"GNSS":[64,91,141],"data,":[65,92],"by":[66,75],"analyzing":[67],"the":[68,106,110,121,130,151,176,199,202],"received":[69],"signals":[71],"attenuated":[74],"obstacles,":[76],"buildings.":[79],"Furthermore,":[80],"these":[84],"low-accuracy":[90],"crowdsourced":[93,140,167],"opportunistically":[94],"smartphones":[97],"during":[98],"their":[99],"user's":[100],"uncontrolled":[101],"daily":[102],"commute":[103],"trips,":[104],"unleashing":[105],"potential":[107,200],"applying":[109],"principle":[111],"wide":[113,196,210],"areas.":[114,212],"Our":[115,172],"proposal":[116],"incorporates":[117],"position":[118],"inaccuracies":[119],"calculations,":[122],"accommodates":[124],"different":[125],"sources":[126],"variability":[128],"signals'":[132],"SNR.":[133],"The":[134],"diversity":[135],"collection":[137],"conditions":[138],"positions":[142],"is":[143,157],"used":[144],"mitigate":[146],"bias":[147],"noise":[149],"data.":[152],"A":[153],"binary":[154],"classification":[155],"model":[156],"trained":[158],"evaluated":[160],"on":[161,193],"multiple":[162],"scenarios":[164],"data":[166],"over":[169],"900":[170],"users.":[171],"results":[173],"generalization":[177],"accuracy":[178],"for":[179,205,209],"a":[180],"Random":[181],"Forest":[182],"classifier":[183],"typical":[185],"lies":[188],"between":[189],"79%":[190],"91%":[192],"4":[194],"m":[195],"voxels,":[197],"demonstrating":[198],"proposed":[203],"method":[204],"building":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
