{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2936007546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299902.3309752","title":"ROAD","display_name":"ROAD","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2936007546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299902.3309752","mag":"2936007546"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3299902.3309752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299902.3309752","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3299902.3309752","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 International Symposium on Physical Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3299902.3309752","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020675859","display_name":"Dong-Won Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9370-4820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongwon Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008689590","display_name":"Ilgweon Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3842-5613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66217453","display_name":"Cadence Design Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w8xa018","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66217453"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilgweon Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cadence Design Systems, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cadence Design Systems, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66217453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067380102","display_name":"Yeseong Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5947-9632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeseong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081085178","display_name":"Sicun Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2524-4960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sicun Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061781904","display_name":"Bill Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0965-7247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bill Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039615312","display_name":"Chung\u2010Kuan Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9865-8390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung-Kuan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2109,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79402632,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"65","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7996492385864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.7720471620559692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6057484745979309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5479708313941956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-design","display_name":"Physical design","score":0.49862003326416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.44439876079559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-design-automation","display_name":"Electronic design automation","score":0.4110035300254822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.37978264689445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.310183584690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.23324862122535706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-design","display_name":"Circuit design","score":0.1460665464401245}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7996492385864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.7720471620559692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6057484745979309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5479708313941956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188817802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13426855","display_name":"Physical design","level":3,"score":0.49862003326416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.44439876079559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64260653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194864","display_name":"Electronic design automation","level":2,"score":0.4110035300254822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.37978264689445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.310183584690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.23324862122535706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190560348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245116","display_name":"Circuit design","level":2,"score":0.1460665464401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3299902.3309752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299902.3309752","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3299902.3309752","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 International Symposium on Physical Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3299902.3309752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299902.3309752","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3299902.3309752","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 International Symposium on Physical Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314997","display_name":"Strong","ror":"https://ror.org/041vyzr56"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2936007546.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2936007546.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549880792","https://openalex.org/W1563097531","https://openalex.org/W1982222146","https://openalex.org/W2009815534","https://openalex.org/W2010988671","https://openalex.org/W2015362661","https://openalex.org/W2028141257","https://openalex.org/W2038260712","https://openalex.org/W2090109439","https://openalex.org/W2104988143","https://openalex.org/W2108795363","https://openalex.org/W2118331775","https://openalex.org/W2395574141","https://openalex.org/W2406038381","https://openalex.org/W2604305190","https://openalex.org/W2605337839","https://openalex.org/W2626325543","https://openalex.org/W2793439864","https://openalex.org/W2794271438","https://openalex.org/W2810945905","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2171793444","https://openalex.org/W2132668926","https://openalex.org/W3173072440","https://openalex.org/W2743305891","https://openalex.org/W2163105316","https://openalex.org/W2161355881","https://openalex.org/W2186482337","https://openalex.org/W2051886008","https://openalex.org/W4235818534","https://openalex.org/W2406177692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Routability":[0],"diagnosis":[1,46,154],"has":[2],"increasingly":[3],"become":[4],"the":[5,15,29,43,45,86,94,106,166],"bottleneck":[6],"in":[7,172],"detailed":[8,32],"routing":[9,33,69,102,170],"for":[10,51,68,100,135,148,160],"sub-10nm":[11],"technology":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,27,80],"limited":[16],"tracks,":[17],"high":[18],"density,":[19],"and":[20,36,84,176],"complex":[21],"design":[22,149,178],"rules.":[23,179],"The":[24,71],"conventional":[25],"ways":[26],"examine":[28],"routability":[30,87,153],"of":[31,109,121,169,174],"are":[34],"ILP-":[35],"SAT-based":[37],"techniques.":[38,91],"However,":[39],"once":[40],"we":[41,57,112,142],"identify":[42],"routability,":[44],"remains":[47],"an":[48],"open":[49],"problem":[50],"physical":[52],"designers.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"propose":[58],"a":[59,76],"novel":[60],"framework,":[61,111],"called":[62],"ROAD,":[63],"which":[64],"diagnoses":[65,85],"explicit":[66],"reasons":[67],"failures.":[70],"proposed":[72],"ROAD":[73,96,130,151],"framework":[74],"utilizes":[75],"diagnosis-friendly":[77],"SAT":[78,89],"formulation":[79],"represent":[81],"design's":[82],"layout":[83],"with":[88],"solving":[90],"Based":[92],"on":[93,124,158],"diagnosis,":[95,141],"provides":[97],"human-interpretable":[98],"explanations":[99],"conflicted":[101],"conditions.":[103],"To":[104],"show":[105],"practical":[107],"value":[108],"our":[110],"also":[113,143],"generate":[114],"comprehensive":[115],"test-sets":[116],"that":[117,129],"enable":[118],"exhaustive":[119],"exploration":[120],"layouts":[122],"based":[123],"Rent's":[125],"rule.":[126],"We":[127],"demonstrate":[128],"successfully":[131],"examines":[132],"conflict":[133],"causes":[134,168],"diverse":[136],"pin":[137],"layouts.":[138],"Throughout":[139],"extensive":[140],"present":[144],"several":[145],"key":[146],"findings":[147],"failure.":[150],"performs":[152],"within":[155],"2":[156],"minutes":[157],"average":[159],"90":[161],"grids":[162],"testsets,":[163],"while":[164],"diagnosing":[165],"exact":[167],"failures":[171],"terms":[173],"congestion":[175],"conditional":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2019-04-25T00:00:00"}