{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2944270580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299815.3314444","title":"A Case Study of the Use of Design of Experiments Methods to Calibrate a Semi-automated Forces System","display_name":"A Case Study of the Use of Design of Experiments Methods to Calibrate a Semi-automated Forces System","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2944270580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299815.3314444","mag":"2944270580"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3299815.3314444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299815.3314444","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Southeast Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089682683","display_name":"Kevin Foster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1525-3209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82495205","display_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsxwr40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin L. Foster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003894658","display_name":"Mikel D. Petty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9838-2016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82495205","display_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsxwr40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikel D. Petty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04226515,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"133","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12888","display_name":"Military Strategy and Technology","score":0.958299994468689,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13286","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation Systems","score":0.9394000172615051,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battle","display_name":"Battle","score":0.8985919952392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.6766369938850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.669815719127655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","score":0.6661233901977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6407166123390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5335109233856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factorial-experiment","display_name":"Factorial experiment","score":0.47332367300987244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.43599438667297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factorial","display_name":"Factorial","score":0.42416203022003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.41740182042121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1451537013053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14489156007766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0983448326587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09226757287979126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778627824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178561","display_name":"Battle","level":2,"score":0.8985919952392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6766369938850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.669815719127655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.6661233901977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6407166123390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5335109233856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169222746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116558","display_name":"Factorial experiment","level":2,"score":0.47332367300987244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43599438667297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183763347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120976","display_name":"Factorial","level":2,"score":0.42416203022003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.41740182042121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1451537013053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14489156007766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0983448326587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09226757287979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3299815.3314444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299815.3314444","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Southeast Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75118442","https://openalex.org/W2068915911","https://openalex.org/W4235535825","https://openalex.org/W4248947980","https://openalex.org/W4251480889","https://openalex.org/W4301134077","https://openalex.org/W4401257076"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365453583","https://openalex.org/W4229629925","https://openalex.org/W2002931749","https://openalex.org/W1633163079","https://openalex.org/W2792127186","https://openalex.org/W4283718311","https://openalex.org/W4210897036","https://openalex.org/W2904171761","https://openalex.org/W3203873370","https://openalex.org/W4245601516"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semi-automated":[0,49],"forces":[1,50,106,121,148],"systems":[2,51,122],"are":[3,52],"computer":[4],"software":[5,149],"programs":[6],"used":[7,139],"to":[8,35,45,70,140,165],"generate":[9],"and":[10,17,41,65,89,173],"model":[11,44],"simulated":[12,171],"entities,":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15,163],"tanks":[16],"aircraft,":[18],"in":[19],"combat":[20],"simulations.":[21],"Calibration":[22],"is":[23,99],"an":[24],"iterative":[25],"process":[26],"of":[27,77,118,125,135,144,153,156,169,198,201,205,212],"executing":[28],"a":[29,57,62,119,142,145,209],"simulation":[30,68,217],"model,":[31],"comparing":[32,66],"its":[33,47,92],"results":[34,69,218],"data":[36],"describing":[37],"the":[38,43,67,71,83,154,167,170,199,222],"modeled":[39],"system,":[40],"adjusting":[42],"increase":[46],"accuracy.":[48],"often":[53],"calibrated":[54],"using":[55,123,151],"retrodiction,":[56],"method":[58],"which":[59,108],"involves":[60],"simulating":[61],"historical":[63,72,224],"battle":[64,127],"battle's":[73,223],"outcome.":[74,225],"The":[75],"Battle":[76,155,200],"73":[78,157,202],"Easting":[79],"took":[80],"place":[81],"during":[82],"Gulf":[84],"War":[85],"between":[86],"U.":[87,113],"S.":[88,114],"Iraqi":[90],"forces;":[91],"outcome":[93,98,168],"was":[94],"unexpectedly":[95],"one-sided.":[96],"That":[97],"not":[100],"well":[101],"replicated":[102],"by":[103],"most":[104],"semi-automated":[105,120,147],"systems,":[107],"typically":[109],"produce":[110],"unrealistically":[111],"high":[112],"losses,":[115],"making":[116],"calibration":[117,143],"retrodiction":[124,152],"that":[126,131,215],"problematic.":[128],"To":[129],"overcome":[130],"difficulty,":[132],"formal":[133],"design":[134,185],"experiments":[136],"methods":[137],"were":[138,161,176],"structure":[141],"commercial":[146],"system":[150],"Easting.":[158,203],"Four":[159],"factors":[160],"identified":[162,208],"likely":[164],"affect":[166],"battles,":[172],"two":[174,187],"levels":[175,214],"set":[177,211],"for":[178],"each":[179],"factor.":[180],"A":[181],"full":[182],"factorial":[183],"experiment":[184],"with":[186,221],"replicates":[188],"per":[189],"level":[190],"combination":[191],"specified":[192],"32":[193,196],"trials,":[194],"i.e.,":[195],"simulations":[197],"Analysis":[204],"those":[206],"trials":[207],"specific":[210],"factor":[213],"produced":[216],"very":[219],"consistent":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}