{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963145442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299768","title":"The history of digital spam","display_name":"The history of digital spam","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963145442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299768","mag":"2963145442"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3299768","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299768","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3299768","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3299768","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Emilio Ferrara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emilio Ferrara","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California Information Sciences Institute, Marina Del Rey, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California Information Sciences Institute, Marina Del Rey, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.259,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98356376,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"8","first_page":"82","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.39329999685287476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.39329999685287476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.0544000007212162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14280","display_name":"Big Data Technologies and Applications","score":0.04470000043511391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forum-spam","display_name":"Forum spam","score":0.42250001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spambot","display_name":"Spambot","score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spamming","display_name":"Spamming","score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opt-in-email","display_name":"Opt-in email","score":0.2892000079154968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6370999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5444999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157310412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140915","display_name":"Forum spam","level":5,"score":0.42250001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4212000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127735637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306702","display_name":"Spambot","level":4,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158955206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83058","display_name":"Spamming","level":3,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160295073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137616","display_name":"Opt-in email","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2498999983072281}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3299768","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299768","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3299768","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1908.06173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1908.06173","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.06173","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3299768","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299768","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3299768","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1072749480","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-17","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1523888516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2495815327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9550-17-1-0327","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G260750634","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-17-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2641585715","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-17-1-032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4000135961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"911NF-17-C-0094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4397030108","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"911NF-17-C-0094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4763143093","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-17-1-0327","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5809100787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6032804723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9550-17-1-0327","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7183823579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-17-C-0094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307791","display_name":"Cisco Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/03yt1ez60"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963145442.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963145442.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1837843568","https://openalex.org/W1851422430","https://openalex.org/W1965586806","https://openalex.org/W1973690672","https://openalex.org/W2005556331","https://openalex.org/W2007652426","https://openalex.org/W2016266039","https://openalex.org/W2023670764","https://openalex.org/W2036166268","https://openalex.org/W2040717637","https://openalex.org/W2047756776","https://openalex.org/W2055597027","https://openalex.org/W2085302848","https://openalex.org/W2092277251","https://openalex.org/W2100508712","https://openalex.org/W2100738695","https://openalex.org/W2103063352","https://openalex.org/W2118994807","https://openalex.org/W2136710010","https://openalex.org/W2169384781","https://openalex.org/W2278635123","https://openalex.org/W2310347995","https://openalex.org/W2335888457","https://openalex.org/W2486034530","https://openalex.org/W2550819555","https://openalex.org/W2595521492","https://openalex.org/W2738406145","https://openalex.org/W2779695185","https://openalex.org/W2790166049","https://openalex.org/W2798302089","https://openalex.org/W2804927761","https://openalex.org/W3000705115","https://openalex.org/W3124887637","https://openalex.org/W4211186029","https://openalex.org/W4238546739","https://openalex.org/W6600062588","https://openalex.org/W6680754219"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tracing":[0],"the":[1],"tangled":[2],"web":[3],"of":[4],"unsolicited":[5],"and":[6,9],"undesired":[7],"email":[8],"possible":[10],"strategies":[11],"for":[12],"its":[13],"demise.":[14]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}