{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921898934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3297858.3304072","title":"Astra","display_name":"Astra","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921898934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3297858.3304072","mag":"2921898934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3297858.3304072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3297858.3304072","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049023640","display_name":"Muthian Sivathanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6190-9733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124949","display_name":"Microsoft Research (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w7f3w92","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muthian Sivathanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Indi, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Indi, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002775676","display_name":"Tapan Chugh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1507-6708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124949","display_name":"Microsoft Research (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w7f3w92","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tapan Chugh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080527236","display_name":"Sanjay Sri Vallabh Singapuram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-1843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124949","display_name":"Microsoft Research (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w7f3w92","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjay S. Singapuram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037359171","display_name":"Lidong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7258-3116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lidong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049023640"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.9453,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98121576,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"909","last_page":"923"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astra","display_name":"ASTRA","score":0.9278442859649658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8175734877586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.646077573299408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5984391570091248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5938873887062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5420665740966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.4918101131916046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-space-exploration","display_name":"Design space exploration","score":0.4114357829093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3456570506095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.23687410354614258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.16815754771232605}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776902872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352410","display_name":"ASTRA","level":2,"score":0.9278442859649658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8175734877586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.646077573299408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5984391570091248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5938873887062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5420665740966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.4918101131916046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776221188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21072556","display_name":"Design space exploration","level":2,"score":0.4114357829093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3456570506095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.23687410354614258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.16815754771232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3297858.3304072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3297858.3304072","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145476170","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1667652561","https://openalex.org/W1921523184","https://openalex.org/W1968999661","https://openalex.org/W1991009705","https://openalex.org/W1994616650","https://openalex.org/W2055312318","https://openalex.org/W2055817654","https://openalex.org/W2100218206","https://openalex.org/W2116210226","https://openalex.org/W2118776487","https://openalex.org/W2164197394","https://openalex.org/W2168231600","https://openalex.org/W2342173569","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2473934411","https://openalex.org/W2525778437","https://openalex.org/W2554192763","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2753093910","https://openalex.org/W2799042347","https://openalex.org/W2804032941","https://openalex.org/W2952926545","https://openalex.org/W3004184795","https://openalex.org/W3103894541","https://openalex.org/W3140469843","https://openalex.org/W4251637954","https://openalex.org/W4301361180","https://openalex.org/W6748408460"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2125855853","https://openalex.org/W4245652312"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,126],"present":[1],"Astra,":[2],"a":[3,12,23,37,57,71],"compilation":[4,176],"and":[5,54,91,117,124,137,185],"execution":[6,10,108],"framework":[7],"that":[8,146],"optimizes":[9],"of":[11,18,56,65,93,151,163],"deep":[13,33,58,133,141,152],"learning":[14,34,59,134,142,153],"training":[15,79,154],"job.":[16,80],"Instead":[17],"treating":[19],"the":[20,51,66,78,102,107,111,121,161],"computation":[21],"as":[22,167,179],"generic":[24],"data":[25],"flow":[26],"graph,":[27],"Astra":[28,47,87,129,147,171],"exploits":[29],"domain":[30],"knowledge":[31],"about":[32],"to":[35,40,49,61,100,157],"adopt":[36],"custom":[38],"approach":[39],"compiler":[41,122],"optimization.":[42],"The":[43],"key":[44],"insight":[45],"in":[46,70,86,130,183],"is":[48],"exploit":[50],"unique":[52],"repetitiveness":[53],"predictability":[55],"job,":[60],"perform":[62],"online":[63],"exploration":[64,85,103],"optimization":[67],"state":[68,83,104],"space":[69,84],"work-conserving":[72],"manner":[73],"while":[74,119,159],"making":[75],"progress":[76],"on":[77],"This":[81],"dynamic":[82],"uses":[88],"lightweight":[89],"profiling":[90],"indexing":[92],"profile":[94],"data,":[95],"coupled":[96],"with":[97],"several":[98],"techniques":[99],"prune":[101],"space.":[105],"Effectively,":[106],"layer":[109],"custom-wires":[110],"infrastructure":[112],"end-to-end":[113,149],"for":[114],"each":[115],"job":[116],"hardware,":[118],"keeping":[120],"simple":[123],"maintainable.":[125],"have":[127],"implemented":[128],"two":[131],"popular":[132],"frameworks,":[135],"PyTorch":[136],"Tensorflow.":[138],"On":[139],"state-of-the-art":[140],"models,":[143],"we":[144],"show":[145],"improves":[148],"performance":[150,162,184],"by":[155],"up":[156],"3x,":[158],"approaching":[160],"hand-optimized":[164],"implementations":[165],"such":[166,178],"cuDNN":[168],"where":[169],"available.":[170],"also":[172],"significantly":[173],"outperforms":[174],"static":[175],"frameworks":[177],"Tensorflow":[180],"XLA":[181],"both":[182],"robustness.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2019-03-22T00:00:00"}
