{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2935331687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3297858.3304014","title":"TANGRAM","display_name":"TANGRAM","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2935331687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3297858.3304014","mag":"2935331687"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3297858.3304014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3297858.3304014","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3297858.3304014","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3297858.3304014","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026297396","display_name":"Mingyu Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8433-7281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingyu Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University &amp; Tsinghua University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University &amp; Tsinghua University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020255650","display_name":"Xuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7246-8548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105023632","display_name":"Jing Pu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University &amp; Google, Inc., Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University &amp; Google, Inc., Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090469068","display_name":"Mark Horowitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3245-7542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Horowitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042148531","display_name":"Christos Kozyrakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3154-7530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Kozyrakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University &amp; Google, Inc., Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University &amp; Google, Inc., Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026297396"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.2682,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":167,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99708898,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"807","last_page":"820"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dataflow","display_name":"Dataflow","score":0.9092324376106262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8895171880722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.7619730830192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5695110559463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5542153120040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-pipelining","display_name":"Software pipelining","score":0.5315888524055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallelism","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","score":0.5073878169059753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4220251441001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32853788137435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.24236637353897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0878128707408905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96324660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205446","display_name":"Dataflow","level":2,"score":0.9092324376106262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8895171880722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.7619730830192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5695110559463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5542153120040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188854837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q268469","display_name":"Software pipelining","level":3,"score":0.5315888524055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781172179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853109","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5073878169059753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4220251441001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32853788137435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.24236637353897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0878128707408905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3297858.3304014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3297858.3304014","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3297858.3304014","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3297858.3304014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3297858.3304014","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3297858.3304014","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4991748776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SHF-1408911","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8359814360","display_name":"SHF: Medium: Energy Efficient Memory Systems","funder_award_id":"1408911","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2935331687.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2935331687.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1895577753","https://openalex.org/W1978187377","https://openalex.org/W2048266589","https://openalex.org/W2067523571","https://openalex.org/W2094756095","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2113235308","https://openalex.org/W2117696986","https://openalex.org/W2125203716","https://openalex.org/W2151233837","https://openalex.org/W2152839228","https://openalex.org/W2162639668","https://openalex.org/W2170382128","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2442974303","https://openalex.org/W2466675884","https://openalex.org/W2508602506","https://openalex.org/W2513554817","https://openalex.org/W2515287984","https://openalex.org/W2516141709","https://openalex.org/W2518281301","https://openalex.org/W2518511512","https://openalex.org/W2525740295","https://openalex.org/W2562773490","https://openalex.org/W2565305208","https://openalex.org/W2565851976","https://openalex.org/W2605347906","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2612076670","https://openalex.org/W2613989746","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2625457103","https://openalex.org/W2626991402","https://openalex.org/W2657126969","https://openalex.org/W2733054703","https://openalex.org/W2751366252","https://openalex.org/W2786066748","https://openalex.org/W2883929540","https://openalex.org/W2884700152","https://openalex.org/W2906043559","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2949888546","https://openalex.org/W2950656546","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W3104393472","https://openalex.org/W4230989867","https://openalex.org/W4239722617","https://openalex.org/W4243519499","https://openalex.org/W4245199738","https://openalex.org/W4248003330","https://openalex.org/W4251575795","https://openalex.org/W4254672563"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033862586","https://openalex.org/W3020605687","https://openalex.org/W1595672120","https://openalex.org/W4230999561","https://openalex.org/W2379635381","https://openalex.org/W1603958403","https://openalex.org/W1976397984","https://openalex.org/W4232563190","https://openalex.org/W2034393996","https://openalex.org/W1567574506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,168],"use":[1],"of":[2,20,68,149,166,170],"increasingly":[3],"larger":[4],"and":[5,18,46,99,122,129,155,179],"more":[6,120],"complex":[7,141],"neural":[8],"networks":[9],"(NNs)":[10],"makes":[11],"it":[12],"critical":[13],"to":[14,64,138],"scale":[15],"the":[16,66,87,100,115,126,147,176],"capabilities":[17],"efficiency":[19],"NN":[21,75,151,177],"accelerators.":[22,76],"Tiled":[23],"architectures":[24],"provide":[25],"an":[26,91],"intuitive":[27],"scaling":[28],"solution":[29],"that":[30,85,113],"supports":[31],"both":[32],"coarse-grained":[33],"parallelism":[34],"in":[35,55,118],"NNs:":[36],"intra-layer":[37,78],"parallelism,":[38,79],"where":[39,49],"all":[40],"tiles":[41,54],"process":[42],"a":[43,56,119,163],"single":[44],"layer,":[45],"inter-layer":[47,105,135],"pipelining,":[48,106],"multiple":[50],"layers":[51],"execute":[52],"across":[53,162],"pipelined":[57],"manner.":[58],"This":[59],"work":[60],"proposes":[61],"dataflow":[62,71,84],"optimizations":[63,145,172],"address":[65],"shortcomings":[67],"existing":[69],"parallel":[70],"techniques":[72],"for":[73],"tiled":[74,150],"For":[77,104],"we":[80,107],"develop":[81,108],"buffer":[82,127],"sharing":[83],"turns":[86],"distributed":[88],"buffers":[89],"into":[90],"idealized":[92],"shared":[93],"buffer,":[94],"eliminating":[95],"excessive":[96],"data":[97,117],"duplication":[98],"memory":[101],"access":[102],"overheads.":[103],"alternate":[109],"layer":[110],"loop":[111],"ordering":[112],"forwards":[114],"intermediate":[116],"fine-grained":[121],"timely":[123],"manner,":[124],"reducing":[125],"requirements":[128],"pipeline":[130],"delays.":[131],"We":[132],"also":[133,173],"make":[134],"pipelining":[136],"applicable":[137],"NNs":[139],"with":[140,175],"DAG":[142],"structures.":[143],"These":[144],"improve":[146],"performance":[148],"accelerators":[152],"by":[153,160],"2x":[154],"reduce":[156],"their":[157],"energy":[158],"consumption":[159],"45%":[161],"wide":[164],"range":[165],"NNs.":[167],"effectiveness":[169],"our":[171],"increases":[174],"size":[178],"complexity.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2019-04-11T00:00:00"}
