{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914304911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3295749","title":"Methods and Tools for Policy Analysis","display_name":"Methods and Tools for Policy Analysis","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914304911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3295749","mag":"2914304911"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3295749","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3295749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072375083","display_name":"Amani Abu Jabal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2247-8860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amani Abu Jabal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2247-8860","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075310412","display_name":"Maryam Davari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-0672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Davari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061694501","display_name":"Elisa Bertino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4029-7051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisa Bertino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046896680","display_name":"Christian Makaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7304-419X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Makaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041645148","display_name":"Seraphin Calo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-3989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seraphin Calo","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077318302","display_name":"Dinesh Verma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1933-7343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinesh Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046462940","display_name":"Alessandra Russo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3318-8711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandra Russo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074829859","display_name":"Christopher B. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0499-2444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339065421","display_name":"Defence Science and Technology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04jswqb94","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306956679","https://openalex.org/I1339065421","https://openalex.org/I2802373619"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339065421"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.8424,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98395789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8825174570083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.7407846450805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6931149959564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-analysis","display_name":"Policy analysis","score":0.6534667015075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.44556793570518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4388324022293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3780105412006378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16441884636878967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0980985164642334}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8825174570083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.7407846450805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6931149959564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123587114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2101508","display_name":"Policy analysis","level":2,"score":0.6534667015075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.44556793570518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4388324022293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3780105412006378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16441884636878967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0980985164642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3295749","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3295749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/67810","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/67810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3056544016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-16-3-0001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","funder_display_name":"Army Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5259331294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","funder_display_name":"Army Research Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","display_name":"Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":224,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70890890","https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W142143136","https://openalex.org/W177590838","https://openalex.org/W240055707","https://openalex.org/W1461485317","https://openalex.org/W1481397690","https://openalex.org/W1482261514","https://openalex.org/W1490597684","https://openalex.org/W1496979250","https://openalex.org/W1503170978","https://openalex.org/W1503481282","https://openalex.org/W1504694836","https://openalex.org/W1506285740","https://openalex.org/W1507039213","https://openalex.org/W1510806966","https://openalex.org/W1526416044","https://openalex.org/W1552329465","https://openalex.org/W1556003781","https://openalex.org/W1563423869","https://openalex.org/W1565377632","https://openalex.org/W1577525693","https://openalex.org/W1581651736","https://openalex.org/W1582022100","https://openalex.org/W1590488181","https://openalex.org/W1591909664","https://openalex.org/W1593409397","https://openalex.org/W1596186423","https://openalex.org/W1606452969","https://openalex.org/W1682877232","https://openalex.org/W1724960360","https://openalex.org/W1787327377","https://openalex.org/W1803917233","https://openalex.org/W1825730661","https://openalex.org/W1831889228","https://openalex.org/W1862398452","https://openalex.org/W1894272157","https://openalex.org/W1923495615","https://openalex.org/W1938740620","https://openalex.org/W1968110920","https://openalex.org/W1974489177","https://openalex.org/W1976237736","https://openalex.org/W1976797825","https://openalex.org/W1980437932","https://openalex.org/W1982255089","https://openalex.org/W1983817047","https://openalex.org/W1985021481","https://openalex.org/W1993101942","https://openalex.org/W1994143452","https://openalex.org/W1995281361","https://openalex.org/W1997862012","https://openalex.org/W1998568597","https://openalex.org/W1999352108","https://openalex.org/W2005780908","https://openalex.org/W2005998857","https://openalex.org/W2006841241","https://openalex.org/W2008138206","https://openalex.org/W2011274796","https://openalex.org/W2016424329","https://openalex.org/W2017127020","https://openalex.org/W2017849692","https://openalex.org/W2018616316","https://openalex.org/W2019498356","https://openalex.org/W2020729428","https://openalex.org/W2029036638","https://openalex.org/W2036265926","https://openalex.org/W2036518155","https://openalex.org/W2039734353","https://openalex.org/W2040234252","https://openalex.org/W2040340473","https://openalex.org/W2041571464","https://openalex.org/W2041600545","https://openalex.org/W2046213875","https://openalex.org/W2047339217","https://openalex.org/W2047650874","https://openalex.org/W2048107609","https://openalex.org/W2049695835","https://openalex.org/W2051014795","https://openalex.org/W2051096364","https://openalex.org/W2053570754","https://openalex.org/W2054075152","https://openalex.org/W2056388056","https://openalex.org/W2057361103","https://openalex.org/W2057732635","https://openalex.org/W2060440626","https://openalex.org/W2062573048","https://openalex.org/W2062617586","https://openalex.org/W2062897452","https://openalex.org/W2064070192","https://openalex.org/W2064853889","https://openalex.org/W2067191022","https://openalex.org/W2069242349","https://openalex.org/W2069728203","https://openalex.org/W2073300799","https://openalex.org/W2074240012","https://openalex.org/W2076004681","https://openalex.org/W2082587075","https://openalex.org/W2085952809","https://openalex.org/W2095956815","https://openalex.org/W2096050295","https://openalex.org/W2096244038","https://openalex.org/W2098393750","https://openalex.org/W2099106391","https://openalex.org/W2099404336","https://openalex.org/W2099438987","https://openalex.org/W2099501333","https://openalex.org/W2099789029","https://openalex.org/W2100186706","https://openalex.org/W2103140527","https://openalex.org/W2103353650","https://openalex.org/W2104126268","https://openalex.org/W2107355607","https://openalex.org/W2107801860","https://openalex.org/W2108147409","https://openalex.org/W2109687464","https://openalex.org/W2110145270","https://openalex.org/W2112060844","https://openalex.org/W2113080162","https://openalex.org/W2115442705","https://openalex.org/W2116249553","https://openalex.org/W2116860113","https://openalex.org/W2117629623","https://openalex.org/W2117826841","https://openalex.org/W2118362475","https://openalex.org/W2119283374","https://openalex.org/W2120237629","https://openalex.org/W2120255160","https://openalex.org/W2120636855","https://openalex.org/W2122106619","https://openalex.org/W2122140024","https://openalex.org/W2123548135","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2126068833","https://openalex.org/W2128340847","https://openalex.org/W2128842882","https://openalex.org/W2129340874","https://openalex.org/W2129534274","https://openalex.org/W2131999424","https://openalex.org/W2132434720","https://openalex.org/W2133078177","https://openalex.org/W2133430982","https://openalex.org/W2133555576","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2135665381","https://openalex.org/W2135841285","https://openalex.org/W2137200691","https://openalex.org/W2137351629","https://openalex.org/W2138946818","https://openalex.org/W2140073547","https://openalex.org/W2140890531","https://openalex.org/W2141335864","https://openalex.org/W2143129186","https://openalex.org/W2144899667","https://openalex.org/W2146356111","https://openalex.org/W2146488404","https://openalex.org/W2147118406","https://openalex.org/W2147983543","https://openalex.org/W2148004493","https://openalex.org/W2148408186","https://openalex.org/W2148656332","https://openalex.org/W2149706766","https://openalex.org/W2150593711","https://openalex.org/W2150891518","https://openalex.org/W2151315194","https://openalex.org/W2151792486","https://openalex.org/W2153395142","https://openalex.org/W2154061425","https://openalex.org/W2154765153","https://openalex.org/W2154840930","https://openalex.org/W2158804164","https://openalex.org/W2160221402","https://openalex.org/W2160824842","https://openalex.org/W2161129850","https://openalex.org/W2161358272","https://openalex.org/W2162308553","https://openalex.org/W2162406453","https://openalex.org/W2163218676","https://openalex.org/W2164033917","https://openalex.org/W2164661256","https://openalex.org/W2165874743","https://openalex.org/W2165892480","https://openalex.org/W2166559705","https://openalex.org/W2166602595","https://openalex.org/W2167306162","https://openalex.org/W2169383296","https://openalex.org/W2197022015","https://openalex.org/W2296076762","https://openalex.org/W2300491161","https://openalex.org/W2311740434","https://openalex.org/W2395704554","https://openalex.org/W2404266688","https://openalex.org/W2418186419","https://openalex.org/W2467782716","https://openalex.org/W2468070113","https://openalex.org/W2536688534","https://openalex.org/W2553114406","https://openalex.org/W2569212977","https://openalex.org/W2578709080","https://openalex.org/W2591958259","https://openalex.org/W2624424081","https://openalex.org/W2735527383","https://openalex.org/W2743753347","https://openalex.org/W2752885492","https://openalex.org/W2755167714","https://openalex.org/W2795942712","https://openalex.org/W2810205687","https://openalex.org/W2890161843","https://openalex.org/W2890678399","https://openalex.org/W2914201442","https://openalex.org/W2917557947","https://openalex.org/W2952514460","https://openalex.org/W2998574808","https://openalex.org/W2999729612","https://openalex.org/W3022113361","https://openalex.org/W3145128584","https://openalex.org/W4210983104","https://openalex.org/W4234045312","https://openalex.org/W4249531201","https://openalex.org/W4253790261","https://openalex.org/W4255907350","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6628836516","https://openalex.org/W6712028255","https://openalex.org/W6750817402"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229448053","https://openalex.org/W2059768187","https://openalex.org/W4247925126","https://openalex.org/W4312858960","https://openalex.org/W4386036939","https://openalex.org/W4327774218","https://openalex.org/W3206445629","https://openalex.org/W2605096541","https://openalex.org/W3200286695","https://openalex.org/W3087250444"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Policy-based":[0],"management":[1],"of":[2,62,97],"computer":[3,5],"systems,":[4],"networks":[6],"and":[7,16,29,37,52,73,79],"devices":[8],"is":[9],"a":[10],"critical":[11,47],"technology":[12],"especially":[13],"for":[14,64],"present":[15,58],"future":[17],"systems":[18,22,34,72],"characterized":[19],"by":[20,89],"large-scale":[21],"with":[23],"autonomous":[24],"devices,":[25],"such":[26,49],"as":[27,50],"robots":[28],"drones.":[30],"Maintaining":[31],"reliable":[32],"policy":[33,65,70,98],"requires":[35],"efficient":[36],"effective":[38],"analysis":[39,71],"approaches":[40],"to":[41],"ensure":[42],"that":[43,75],"the":[44,87,95],"policies":[45],"verify":[46],"properties,":[48],"correctness":[51],"consistency.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"we":[57,68],"an":[59],"extensive":[60],"overview":[61],"methods":[63],"analysis.":[66,99],"Then,":[67],"survey":[69],"frameworks":[74],"have":[76],"been":[77],"proposed":[78],"compare":[80],"them":[81],"under":[82],"various":[83],"dimensions.":[84],"We":[85],"conclude":[86],"paper":[88],"outlining":[90],"novel":[91],"research":[92],"directions":[93],"in":[94],"area":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2019-02-21T00:00:00"}
