{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2917675277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3294054","title":"In-Depth Analysis on Microarchitectures of Modern Heterogeneous CPU-FPGA Platforms","display_name":"In-Depth Analysis on Microarchitectures of Modern Heterogeneous CPU-FPGA Platforms","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2917675277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3294054","mag":"2917675277"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3294054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3294054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047734813","display_name":"Young Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5829-4425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Kyu Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Domain-Specific Computing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Domain-Specific Computing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016776689","display_name":"Jason Cong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2887-6963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Cong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Domain-Specific Computing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Domain-Specific Computing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065889904","display_name":"Zhenman Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0603-9697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenman Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Domain-Specific Computing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Domain-Specific Computing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102964580","display_name":"Yuchen Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8807-8253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Domain-Specific Computing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Domain-Specific Computing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083493225","display_name":"Glenn Reinman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Glenn Reinman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Domain-Specific Computing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Domain-Specific Computing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053307660","display_name":"Peng Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4034-4540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Domain-Specific Computing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Domain-Specific Computing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7458,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96749801,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pci-express","display_name":"PCI Express","score":0.88006591796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8101277947425842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7241939306259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xeon","display_name":"Xeon","score":0.6661197543144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.526299238204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibm","display_name":"IBM","score":0.5166947841644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-processing-unit","display_name":"Central processing unit","score":0.5103210806846619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetric-multiprocessor-system","display_name":"Symmetric multiprocessor system","score":0.465924471616745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4394092857837677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.39222338795661926}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64270927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206924","display_name":"PCI Express","level":3,"score":0.88006591796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8101277947425842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7241939306259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145108525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q656154","display_name":"Xeon","level":2,"score":0.6661197543144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.526299238204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70388272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5968558","display_name":"IBM","level":2,"score":0.5166947841644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49154492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5300","display_name":"Central processing unit","level":2,"score":0.5103210806846619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172430144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17111997","display_name":"Symmetric multiprocessor system","level":2,"score":0.465924471616745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4394092857837677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.39222338795661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3294054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3294054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W833222660","https://openalex.org/W1970799414","https://openalex.org/W1974967412","https://openalex.org/W1997113918","https://openalex.org/W2002555321","https://openalex.org/W2019254738","https://openalex.org/W2032687558","https://openalex.org/W2054882590","https://openalex.org/W2082640993","https://openalex.org/W2094756095","https://openalex.org/W2105672886","https://openalex.org/W2107356030","https://openalex.org/W2110195531","https://openalex.org/W2112532446","https://openalex.org/W2128317332","https://openalex.org/W2294171759","https://openalex.org/W2405102949","https://openalex.org/W2410798069","https://openalex.org/W2417350949","https://openalex.org/W2503158931","https://openalex.org/W2516097068","https://openalex.org/W2613639279","https://openalex.org/W2886080480","https://openalex.org/W2889893422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2217152984","https://openalex.org/W3094239885","https://openalex.org/W2032784242","https://openalex.org/W4250662367","https://openalex.org/W2984905932","https://openalex.org/W4237322570","https://openalex.org/W2573457208","https://openalex.org/W2566887379","https://openalex.org/W2330590072","https://openalex.org/W3080250604"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"homogeneous":[1],"multicore":[2],"processors":[3],"are":[4,29,59],"not":[5],"able":[6],"to":[7,48,94,112,251,259],"provide":[8,233],"the":[9,99,144,150,156,165,170,178,182,189,198,202,222],"continued":[10],"performance":[11],"and":[12,66,123,133,148,196,213,229,242],"energy":[13],"improvement":[14],"that":[15,24,44,154,168,187,207],"we":[16,128,232,246],"have":[17,81,268],"expected":[18],"from":[19,63],"past":[20],"endeavors.":[21],"Heterogeneous":[22],"architectures":[23],"feature":[25],"specialized":[26],"hardware":[27],"accelerators":[28],"widely":[30],"considered":[31],"a":[32,50,69,71,91,103,130,209,234],"promising":[33],"paradigm":[34],"for":[35,102,238,266,271],"resolving":[36],"this":[37,114],"issue.":[38],"Among":[39],"different":[40],"heterogeneous":[41],"devices,":[42],"FPGAs":[43],"can":[45,256],"be":[46,257],"reconfigured":[47],"accelerate":[49],"broad":[51],"class":[52],"of":[53,73,181,201,224,236],"applications":[54],"with":[55,77,160,173,192,217],"orders-of-magnitude":[56],"performance/watt":[57],"gains,":[58],"attracting":[60],"increased":[61],"attention":[62],"both":[64,239],"academia":[65],"industry.":[67],"As":[68],"consequence,":[70],"variety":[72],"CPU-FPGA":[74,140,226],"acceleration":[75,141],"platforms":[76],"diversified":[78],"microarchitectural":[79,119],"features":[80],"been":[82,269],"supplied":[83],"by":[84,116],"industry":[85],"vendors.":[86],"Such":[87],"diversity,":[88],"however,":[89],"poses":[90],"serious":[92],"challenge":[93,115],"application":[95,105,107,240],"developers":[96,241],"in":[97,124],"selecting":[98],"appropriate":[100],"platform":[101,159,243],"specific":[104],"or":[106],"domain.":[108],"This":[109],"article":[110],"aims":[111],"address":[113],"determining":[117],"which":[118],"characteristics":[120],"affect":[121],"performance,":[122],"what":[125],"ways.":[126],"Specifically,":[127],"conduct":[129,247],"quantitative":[131],"comparison":[132],"an":[134],"in-depth":[135],"analysis":[136,223],"on":[137,221],"five":[138],"state-of-the-art":[139],"platforms:":[142],"(1)":[143],"Alpha":[145],"Data":[146],"board":[147],"(2)":[149],"Amazon":[151],"F1":[152],"instance":[153],"represent":[155],"traditional":[157],"PCIe-based":[158,171,211],"private":[161],"device":[162],"memory;":[163,176,195],"(3)":[164],"IBM":[166],"CAPI":[167],"represents":[169,188,208],"system":[172,191,216],"coherent":[174,193],"shared":[175,194,218],"(4)":[177],"first":[179],"generation":[180,200],"Intel":[183,203],"Xeon+FPGA":[184,204],"Accelerator":[185,205],"Platform":[186,206],"QPI-based":[190,214],"(5)":[197],"second":[199],"hybrid":[210],"(non-coherent)":[212],"(coherent)":[215],"memory.":[219],"Based":[220],"their":[225],"communication":[227],"latency":[228],"bandwidth":[230],"characteristics,":[231],"series":[235],"insights":[237,255],"designers.":[244],"Furthermore,":[245],"two":[248],"case":[249],"studies":[250],"demonstrate":[252],"how":[253],"these":[254],"leveraged":[258],"optimize":[260],"accelerator":[261],"designs.":[262],"The":[263],"microbenchmarks":[264],"used":[265],"evaluation":[267],"released":[270],"public":[272],"use.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
