{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909731777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3293454","title":"An Active Learning Approach for Improving the Accuracy of Automated Domain Model Extraction","display_name":"An Active Learning Approach for Improving the Accuracy of Automated Domain Model Extraction","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909731777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3293454","mag":"2909731777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3293454","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3293454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/An_active_learning_approach_for_improving_the_accuracy_of_automated_domain_model_extraction/20714644","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019739552","display_name":"Chetan Arora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1466-7386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chetan Arora","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022905724","display_name":"Mehrdad Sabetzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4711-8319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehrdad Sabetzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074393374","display_name":"Shiva Nejati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0281-8231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiva Nejati","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078533117","display_name":"Lionel Briand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1393-1010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lionel Briand","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5441,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96683824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8974007368087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.7161529064178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6627800464630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6479185223579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5166759490966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-model","display_name":"Domain model","score":0.4992399215698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.4704016149044037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.45438775420188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.35710588097572327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34478676319122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.3229195475578308}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8974007368087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.7161529064178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6627800464630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6479185223579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5166759490966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92548554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2262868","display_name":"Domain model","level":3,"score":0.4992399215698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.4704016149044037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.45438775420188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.35710588097572327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34478676319122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.3229195475578308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3293454","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3293454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30135303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401102","display_name":"Own your potential (DEAKIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20714644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/An_active_learning_approach_for_improving_the_accuracy_of_automated_domain_model_extraction/20714644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/37054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/37054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/694277","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20714644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/An_active_learning_approach_for_improving_the_accuracy_of_automated_domain_model_extraction/20714644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7184894448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FNR/P10/03 and FNR-11601446","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","funder_display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8705474127","display_name":"Testing the Untestable: Model Testing of Complex Software-Intensive Systems","funder_award_id":"694277","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","funder_display_name":"H2020 European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","display_name":"H2020 European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1563810","https://openalex.org/W168126392","https://openalex.org/W1493949745","https://openalex.org/W1499516075","https://openalex.org/W1510131813","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W1606527432","https://openalex.org/W1608087281","https://openalex.org/W1648883014","https://openalex.org/W1803273808","https://openalex.org/W1972375918","https://openalex.org/W1975879668","https://openalex.org/W1980921642","https://openalex.org/W1989993068","https://openalex.org/W1991877654","https://openalex.org/W2016124386","https://openalex.org/W2029075138","https://openalex.org/W2039612385","https://openalex.org/W2048891581","https://openalex.org/W2060736388","https://openalex.org/W2061065224","https://openalex.org/W2069258698","https://openalex.org/W2070230130","https://openalex.org/W2075886324","https://openalex.org/W2085989833","https://openalex.org/W2094868791","https://openalex.org/W2097998348","https://openalex.org/W2099883114","https://openalex.org/W2106842639","https://openalex.org/W2114508502","https://openalex.org/W2117545199","https://openalex.org/W2122987719","https://openalex.org/W2123442489","https://openalex.org/W2127626360","https://openalex.org/W2156448859","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2167187514","https://openalex.org/W2171469118","https://openalex.org/W2171671120","https://openalex.org/W2251913848","https://openalex.org/W2344072768","https://openalex.org/W2346441090","https://openalex.org/W2362569215","https://openalex.org/W2394985082","https://openalex.org/W2510018066","https://openalex.org/W2516064460","https://openalex.org/W2575641950","https://openalex.org/W2591179784","https://openalex.org/W2616233103","https://openalex.org/W2618735982","https://openalex.org/W2619636279","https://openalex.org/W2694849690","https://openalex.org/W2758253540","https://openalex.org/W2761479024","https://openalex.org/W2785836523","https://openalex.org/W2791129789","https://openalex.org/W2795736498","https://openalex.org/W2897987981","https://openalex.org/W2994602700","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W3021589601","https://openalex.org/W3085162807","https://openalex.org/W3098598077","https://openalex.org/W3102727295","https://openalex.org/W4214495460","https://openalex.org/W4281564584","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4294214797","https://openalex.org/W6674385629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232844628","https://openalex.org/W2374471852","https://openalex.org/W171356793","https://openalex.org/W1583422155","https://openalex.org/W1587887330","https://openalex.org/W2166877816","https://openalex.org/W60702408","https://openalex.org/W2479071323","https://openalex.org/W1760744708","https://openalex.org/W2158321484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Domain":[0],"models":[1],"are":[2,170,194],"a":[3,51,153,177],"useful":[4],"vehicle":[5],"for":[6,75,119],"making":[7],"the":[8,33,44,62,77,102,107,149,163,185,205,213],"interpretation":[9],"and":[10,104,112],"elaboration":[11],"of":[12,32,54,106,145,148,155,176,184,204,215],"natural-language":[13,19],"requirements":[14,30,50],"more":[15],"precise.":[16],"Advances":[17],"in":[18,67,202],"processing":[20],"(NLP)":[21],"have":[22],"made":[23,166],"it":[24],"possible":[25],"to":[26,38,61,71,116,212],"automatically":[27,141],"extract":[28],"from":[29,49,98],"most":[31],"information":[34,55,79],"that":[35,56,95,208],"is":[36,57,70,160,209],"relevant":[37,45,60],"domain":[39,63,84,109],"model":[40,85,110],"construction.":[41],"However,":[42],"alongside":[43],"information,":[46],"NLP":[47,82],"extracts":[48],"significant":[52],"amount":[53],"superfluous":[58,78,121,150,186],"(not":[59],"model).":[64],"Our":[65,133],"objective":[66],"this":[68,88,114],"article":[69],"develop":[72],"automated":[73],"assistance":[74],"filtering":[76,120],"extracted":[80,108],"by":[81,167],"during":[83],"extraction.":[86],"To":[87],"end,":[89],"we":[90],"devise":[91],"an":[92,143],"active-learning-based":[93],"approach":[94,127,140,169],"iteratively":[96],"learns":[97],"analysts\u2019":[99],"feedback":[100,115],"over":[101,128],"relevance":[103],"superfluousness":[105],"elements":[111,151,187],"uses":[113],"provide":[117],"recommendations":[118,165],"elements.":[122],"We":[123],"empirically":[124],"evaluate":[125],"our":[126,139,168],"three":[129],"industrial":[130],"case":[131],"studies.":[132],"results":[134,193],"indicate":[135],"that,":[136],"once":[137],"trained,":[138],"detects":[142],"average":[144],"\u2248":[146,156],"45%":[147],"with":[152,188],"precision":[154,159],"96%.":[157],"Since":[158],"very":[161],"high,":[162],"automatic":[164],"trustworthy.":[171],"Consequently,":[172],"analysts":[173],"can":[174],"dispose":[175],"considerable":[178],"fraction":[179],"\u2013":[180,183],"nearly":[181],"half":[182],"minimal":[189],"manual":[190],"work.":[191],"The":[192],"particularly":[195],"promising,":[196],"as":[197],"they":[198],"should":[199],"be":[200],"considered":[201],"light":[203],"non-negligible":[206],"subjectivity":[207],"inherently":[210],"tied":[211],"notion":[214],"relevance.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}