{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914654142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3292548","title":"Post-Quantum Lattice-Based Cryptography Implementations","display_name":"Post-Quantum Lattice-Based Cryptography Implementations","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914654142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3292548","mag":"2914654142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3292548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3292548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018021511","display_name":"Hamid Nejatollahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5886-2290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Nejatollahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Irvine, Irvine, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Irvine, Irvine, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007817952","display_name":"Nikil Dutt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3060-8119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikil Dutt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Irvine, Irvine, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Irvine, Irvine, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068991400","display_name":"Sandip Ray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8671-5052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandip Ray","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049456178","display_name":"Francesco Regazzoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-0780"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Regazzoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["ALaRi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALaRi","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102909505","display_name":"Indranil Banerjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3669-4855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Indranil Banerjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Technologies Inc., San Diego, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Technologies Inc., San Diego, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085883266","display_name":"Rosario Cammarota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2965-8987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosario Cammarota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Technologies Inc., San Diego, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Technologies Inc., San Diego, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.3621,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":257,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99100652,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8184648752212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-based-cryptography","display_name":"Lattice-based cryptography","score":0.7581816911697388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6699076890945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.6610360145568848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.6067951917648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Post-quantum cryptography","score":0.5350910425186157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","score":0.5194820165634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.497085839509964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-exchange","display_name":"Key exchange","score":0.48171788454055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4662294387817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strong-cryptography","display_name":"Strong cryptography","score":0.42375797033309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-cryptography","display_name":"Financial cryptography","score":0.41561904549598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.3540552258491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.33933335542678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.24802014231681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.23563119769096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.21004238724708557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8184648752212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497083","display_name":"Lattice-based cryptography","level":5,"score":0.7581816911697388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6699076890945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.6610360145568848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.6067951917648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108277079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233576","display_name":"Post-quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.5350910425186157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.5194820165634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.497085839509964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99674996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414155","display_name":"Key exchange","level":4,"score":0.48171788454055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4662294387817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165922616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4241181","display_name":"Strong cryptography","level":3,"score":0.42375797033309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515488857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q936407","display_name":"Financial cryptography","level":4,"score":0.41561904549598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.3540552258491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33933335542678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.24802014231681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.23563119769096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.21004238724708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3292548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3292548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":167,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49132692","https://openalex.org/W62933689","https://openalex.org/W65891367","https://openalex.org/W70870466","https://openalex.org/W72736654","https://openalex.org/W74973629","https://openalex.org/W112021158","https://openalex.org/W121367636","https://openalex.org/W147447691","https://openalex.org/W151792660","https://openalex.org/W159145550","https://openalex.org/W179223734","https://openalex.org/W190530026","https://openalex.org/W968825589","https://openalex.org/W1014461153","https://openalex.org/W1490468194","https://openalex.org/W1491861813","https://openalex.org/W1495150862","https://openalex.org/W1498685334","https://openalex.org/W1506156414","https://openalex.org/W1518716055","https://openalex.org/W1566015562","https://openalex.org/W1572143270","https://openalex.org/W1580045882","https://openalex.org/W1595771334","https://openalex.org/W1614548964","https://openalex.org/W1669999576","https://openalex.org/W1675339804","https://openalex.org/W1761303171","https://openalex.org/W1871739018","https://openalex.org/W1886646278","https://openalex.org/W1893972099","https://openalex.org/W1936753088","https://openalex.org/W1965612527","https://openalex.org/W1981663184","https://openalex.org/W1982227476","https://openalex.org/W1985439922","https://openalex.org/W1994790157","https://openalex.org/W2001121794","https://openalex.org/W2004814164","https://openalex.org/W2031855568","https://openalex.org/W2038619601","https://openalex.org/W2038761522","https://openalex.org/W2040236464","https://openalex.org/W2040527222","https://openalex.org/W2040996999","https://openalex.org/W2050689197","https://openalex.org/W2052435632","https://openalex.org/W2056332797","https://openalex.org/W2058180416","https://openalex.org/W2061949491","https://openalex.org/W2069285815","https://openalex.org/W2069441027","https://openalex.org/W2071576863","https://openalex.org/W2072955070","https://openalex.org/W2079219927","https://openalex.org/W2079392836","https://openalex.org/W2083368929","https://openalex.org/W2083767537","https://openalex.org/W2087957223","https://openalex.org/W2089477764","https://openalex.org/W2093721992","https://openalex.org/W2094941875","https://openalex.org/W2098290658","https://openalex.org/W2106970188","https://openalex.org/W2113333997","https://openalex.org/W2113992957","https://openalex.org/W2115638827","https://openalex.org/W2117106078","https://openalex.org/W2123316699","https://openalex.org/W2140256428","https://openalex.org/W2142048307","https://openalex.org/W2151954684","https://openalex.org/W2159044902","https://openalex.org/W2167236842","https://openalex.org/W2168596303","https://openalex.org/W2168839239","https://openalex.org/W2169485677","https://openalex.org/W2172875941","https://openalex.org/W2177241858","https://openalex.org/W2241327547","https://openalex.org/W2253213552","https://openalex.org/W2261941747","https://openalex.org/W2293350147","https://openalex.org/W2293449522","https://openalex.org/W2294366282","https://openalex.org/W2295948984","https://openalex.org/W2298330307","https://openalex.org/W2342792384","https://openalex.org/W2355377132","https://openalex.org/W2394993236","https://openalex.org/W2397062561","https://openalex.org/W2398538644","https://openalex.org/W2399775403","https://openalex.org/W2401833010","https://openalex.org/W2404668229","https://openalex.org/W2467320551","https://openalex.org/W2475466576","https://openalex.org/W2478290527","https://openalex.org/W2491909939","https://openalex.org/W2494078997","https://openalex.org/W2509855739","https://openalex.org/W2511424131","https://openalex.org/W2512599461","https://openalex.org/W2514893051","https://openalex.org/W2517146888","https://openalex.org/W2520282206","https://openalex.org/W2528154059","https://openalex.org/W2556981344","https://openalex.org/W2560054270","https://openalex.org/W2563052397","https://openalex.org/W2571657973","https://openalex.org/W2579225250","https://openalex.org/W2580625099","https://openalex.org/W2585042666","https://openalex.org/W2592527754","https://openalex.org/W2592691626","https://openalex.org/W2602081350","https://openalex.org/W2602170367","https://openalex.org/W2613335035","https://openalex.org/W2619448290","https://openalex.org/W2619630761","https://openalex.org/W2620617817","https://openalex.org/W2622605089","https://openalex.org/W2724229234","https://openalex.org/W2734990741","https://openalex.org/W2739600916","https://openalex.org/W2740966734","https://openalex.org/W2741654699","https://openalex.org/W2741854956","https://openalex.org/W2751350127","https://openalex.org/W2751989631","https://openalex.org/W2752853835","https://openalex.org/W2752974208","https://openalex.org/W2765582111","https://openalex.org/W2767399671","https://openalex.org/W2769315475","https://openalex.org/W2779943051","https://openalex.org/W2781263269","https://openalex.org/W2788574538","https://openalex.org/W2795267660","https://openalex.org/W2866028610","https://openalex.org/W2884836825","https://openalex.org/W2888804078","https://openalex.org/W2899596408","https://openalex.org/W2900370870","https://openalex.org/W2949112171","https://openalex.org/W2949729470","https://openalex.org/W2949834252","https://openalex.org/W2949843176","https://openalex.org/W2949898873","https://openalex.org/W2950594057","https://openalex.org/W2951585971","https://openalex.org/W2962697447","https://openalex.org/W2981977814","https://openalex.org/W2996041333","https://openalex.org/W3023478445","https://openalex.org/W3028781487","https://openalex.org/W3029097307","https://openalex.org/W3030554837","https://openalex.org/W3111297213","https://openalex.org/W3204149913","https://openalex.org/W3207133092","https://openalex.org/W4206293930","https://openalex.org/W4231286867","https://openalex.org/W4231896027","https://openalex.org/W4235199656"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188587181","https://openalex.org/W3035735048","https://openalex.org/W1598269861","https://openalex.org/W2003152337","https://openalex.org/W2895169885","https://openalex.org/W2591713603","https://openalex.org/W4235564189","https://openalex.org/W2295565109","https://openalex.org/W165544601","https://openalex.org/W4226178278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,152],"advent":[1],"of":[2,43,93,111,133,170,186],"quantum":[3,29],"computing":[4,30,80,94],"threatens":[5],"to":[6,13,28,52,88,98,155,161,165],"break":[7],"many":[8],"classical":[9],"cryptographic":[10,124],"schemes,":[11,125],"leading":[12],"innovations":[14],"in":[15,41,49,74,108,122,135,142],"public":[16],"key":[17,64],"cryptography":[18,23,33,38],"that":[19],"focus":[20,166],"on":[21,78,167,178,189],"post-quantum":[22,37],"primitives":[24],"and":[25,55,66,86,113,144,146],"protocols":[26],"resistant":[27],"threats.":[31],"Lattice-based":[32],"is":[34],"a":[35,187],"promising":[36],"family,":[39],"both":[40,53,90],"terms":[42],"foundational":[44],"properties":[45],"as":[46,48,60,101,103],"well":[47,102],"its":[50],"application":[51],"traditional":[54],"emerging":[56,112,147],"security":[57],"problems":[58],"such":[59,70],"encryption,":[61],"digital":[62],"signature,":[63],"exchange,":[65],"homomorphic":[67],"encryption.":[68],"While":[69],"techniques":[71],"provide":[72],"guarantees,":[73],"theory,":[75],"their":[76,140,150],"realization":[77],"contemporary":[79],"platforms":[81,95],"requires":[82],"careful":[83],"design":[84],"choices":[85],"tradeoffs":[87],"manage":[89],"the":[91,104,109,131,159,163,168,171],"diversity":[92],"(e.g.,":[96],"high-performance":[97],"resource":[99],"constrained),":[100],"agility":[105],"for":[106,130,139,149,175],"deployment":[107],"face":[110],"changing":[114],"standards.":[115],"In":[116],"this":[117],"work,":[118],"we":[119],"survey":[120,153],"trends":[121],"lattice-based":[123],"some":[126],"recent":[127],"fundamental":[128],"proposals":[129],"use":[132],"lattices":[134],"computer":[136],"security,":[137],"challenges":[138],"implementation":[141],"software":[143],"hardware,":[145],"needs":[148],"adoption.":[151],"means":[154],"be":[156],"informative":[157],"about":[158],"math":[160],"allow":[162],"reader":[164],"mechanics":[169],"computation":[172],"ultimately":[173],"needed":[174],"mapping":[176],"schemes":[177],"existing":[179],"hardware":[180],"or":[181,184],"synthesizing":[182],"part":[183],"all":[185],"scheme":[188],"special-purpose":[190],"har":[191],"dware.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
