{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903015761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3292522.3326034","title":"Spread of Hate Speech in Online Social Media","display_name":"Spread of Hate Speech in Online Social Media","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903015761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3292522.3326034","mag":"2903015761"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3292522.3326034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3292522.3326034","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Web Science","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.01693","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077493800","display_name":"Binny Mathew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4853-0345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Binny Mathew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","Indian Institute of Technology \u2013 Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology \u2013 Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030878165","display_name":"Ritam Dutt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ritam Dutt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","Indian Institute of Technology \u2013 Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology \u2013 Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103213198","display_name":"Pawan Goyal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9414-8166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawan Goyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","Indian Institute of Technology \u2013 Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology \u2013 Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020991141","display_name":"Animesh Mukherjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-0044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Animesh Mukherjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","Indian Institute of Technology \u2013 Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology \u2013 Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077493800"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5897,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87365768,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"173","last_page":"182"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outreach","display_name":"Outreach","score":0.6150801777839661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.605236828327179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genocide","display_name":"Genocide","score":0.583604097366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies","display_name":"Media studies","score":0.5348111391067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racism","display_name":"Racism","score":0.5063194036483765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offensive","display_name":"Offensive","score":0.4414651393890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminology","display_name":"Criminology","score":0.3954843282699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.38486653566360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.36222749948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.17812147736549377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10599943995475769}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781400479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11640","display_name":"Outreach","level":2,"score":0.6150801777839661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.605236828327179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204342414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41397","display_name":"Genocide","level":2,"score":0.583604097366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.5348111391067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.5063194036483765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176856949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676","display_name":"Offensive","level":2,"score":0.4414651393890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3954843282699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.38486653566360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.36222749948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.17812147736549377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10599943995475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3292522.3326034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3292522.3326034","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Web Science","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1812.01693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.01693","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.01693","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2903015761","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.01693.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1812.01693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.01693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1812.01693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.01693","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.01693","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2903015761.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2903015761.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78136081","https://openalex.org/W171462922","https://openalex.org/W1071251684","https://openalex.org/W1417125139","https://openalex.org/W1638051351","https://openalex.org/W1967579779","https://openalex.org/W1977991182","https://openalex.org/W1982393014","https://openalex.org/W1996263819","https://openalex.org/W2086645750","https://openalex.org/W2144661490","https://openalex.org/W2164082612","https://openalex.org/W2178843456","https://openalex.org/W2232384272","https://openalex.org/W2257559988","https://openalex.org/W2288487960","https://openalex.org/W2292103342","https://openalex.org/W2340954483","https://openalex.org/W2473555522","https://openalex.org/W2595653137","https://openalex.org/W2604760541","https://openalex.org/W2604821579","https://openalex.org/W2613977835","https://openalex.org/W2729412353","https://openalex.org/W2735875961","https://openalex.org/W2783564496","https://openalex.org/W2786634640","https://openalex.org/W2790166049","https://openalex.org/W2794585602","https://openalex.org/W2796646590","https://openalex.org/W2796881724","https://openalex.org/W2806983856","https://openalex.org/W2886315055","https://openalex.org/W2890304913","https://openalex.org/W2951737564","https://openalex.org/W2951850250","https://openalex.org/W2954264738","https://openalex.org/W2963008590","https://openalex.org/W2963535540","https://openalex.org/W2964269387","https://openalex.org/W3099496672","https://openalex.org/W3103061166","https://openalex.org/W3104987177","https://openalex.org/W4299448294","https://openalex.org/W4312248975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2954566102","https://openalex.org/W3029778218","https://openalex.org/W3134067995","https://openalex.org/W3130739843","https://openalex.org/W3038114639","https://openalex.org/W3164357535","https://openalex.org/W3212567067","https://openalex.org/W2796881724","https://openalex.org/W2809464584","https://openalex.org/W2898639743","https://openalex.org/W3200551075","https://openalex.org/W2531113700","https://openalex.org/W3037399614","https://openalex.org/W2901647883","https://openalex.org/W2996853868","https://openalex.org/W2980968886","https://openalex.org/W3202825123","https://openalex.org/W2888446668","https://openalex.org/W3041971048","https://openalex.org/W3097513677"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hate":[0],"speech":[1,20],"is":[2,43,162],"considered":[3],"to":[4,47,123,135],"be":[5],"one":[6],"of":[7,51,58,76,93,103,153,182],"the":[8,13,26,38,49,56,67,73,77,101,104,115,119,136,145,151,164,178],"major":[9],"issues":[10],"currently":[11],"plaguing":[12],"online":[14,18,190],"social":[15,191],"media.":[16,192],"With":[17],"hate":[19,187],"culminating":[21],"in":[22,29,34,189],"gruesome":[23],"scenarios":[24],"like":[25],"Rohingya":[27],"genocide":[28],"Myanmar,":[30],"anti-Muslim":[31],"mob":[32],"violence":[33],"Sri":[35],"Lanka,":[36],"and":[37,82,99,109,127,147,156],"Pittsburgh":[39],"synagogue":[40],"shooting,":[41],"there":[42],"a":[44,90,129],"dire":[45],"need":[46],"understand":[48],"dynamics":[50,75],"user":[52],"interaction":[53],"that":[54,70,114,163],"facilitate":[55],"spread":[57,124],"such":[59],"hateful":[60,81,108,120,146,165,184],"content.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"paper,":[64],"we":[65],"perform":[66],"first":[68,179],"study":[69,176],"looks":[71],"into":[72],"diffusion":[74,102],"posts":[78,98,105],"made":[79],"by":[80,107,118,139],"non-hateful":[83,110,148],"users":[84,95,121,149,166,185],"on":[85,150],"Gab":[86],"(Gab.com).":[87],"We":[88,112,142],"collect":[89],"massive":[91],"dataset":[92],"341K":[94],"with":[96],"21M":[97],"investigate":[100],"generated":[106,117,138],"users.":[111,141],"observe":[113],"content":[116,137,188],"tend":[122],"faster,":[125],"farther":[126],"reach":[128],"much":[130],"wider":[131],"audience":[132],"as":[133],"compared":[134],"normal":[140],"further":[143],"analyze":[144],"basis":[152],"their":[154],"account":[155],"network":[157],"characteristics.":[158],"An":[159],"important":[160],"finding":[161],"are":[167],"far":[168],"more":[169],"densely":[170],"connected":[171],"among":[172],"themselves.":[173],"Overall,":[174],"our":[175],"provides":[177],"cross-sectional":[180],"view":[181],"how":[183],"diffuse":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}