{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2949676527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3292500.3330701","title":"Optuna","display_name":"Optuna","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2949676527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3292500.3330701","mag":"2949676527"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3292500.3330701","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3292500.3330701","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery &amp; Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102966470","display_name":"Takuya Akiba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8284-4375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166566","display_name":"Preferred Networks (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05xeefy56","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166566"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Takuya Akiba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Preferred Networks, Inc., Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Preferred Networks, Inc., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009011727","display_name":"Shotaro Sano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166566","display_name":"Preferred Networks (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05xeefy56","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166566"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shotaro Sano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Preferred Networks, Inc., Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Preferred Networks, Inc., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020123456","display_name":"Toshihiko Yanase","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2971-9943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166566","display_name":"Preferred Networks (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05xeefy56","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166566"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshihiko Yanase","raw_affiliation_strings":["Preferred Networks, Inc., Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Preferred Networks, Inc., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029031830","display_name":"Takeru Ohta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166566","display_name":"Preferred Networks (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05xeefy56","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166566"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeru Ohta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Preferred Networks, Inc., Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Preferred Networks, Inc., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166566"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103751566","display_name":"Masanori Koyama","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166566","display_name":"Preferred Networks (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05xeefy56","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166566"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masanori Koyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Preferred Networks, Inc., Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Preferred Networks, Inc., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166566"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102966470"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166566"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":153.3013,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6885,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99980842,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2623","last_page":"2631"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8511215448379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-oriented-architecture","display_name":"Resource-oriented architecture","score":0.5668476223945618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5345973372459412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.5292201638221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.4682924151420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.46778830885887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.46465176343917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-based-software-engineering","display_name":"Search-based software engineering","score":0.44504639506340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4250614047050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3744356632232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2228492796421051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.20646217465400696}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8511215448379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97382630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13501132","display_name":"Resource-oriented architecture","level":5,"score":0.5668476223945618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5345973372459412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.5292201638221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.4682924151420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.46778830885887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.46465176343917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139143892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7441615","display_name":"Search-based software engineering","level":5,"score":0.44504639506340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4250614047050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3744356632232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2228492796421051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.20646217465400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3292500.3330701","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3292500.3330701","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery &amp; Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60686164","https://openalex.org/W1437335841","https://openalex.org/W2106411961","https://openalex.org/W2112036188","https://openalex.org/W2181616869","https://openalex.org/W2192203593","https://openalex.org/W2266822037","https://openalex.org/W2472803348","https://openalex.org/W2556522401","https://openalex.org/W2577255746","https://openalex.org/W2584004798","https://openalex.org/W2586993394","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2732547613","https://openalex.org/W2736977076","https://openalex.org/W2751836095","https://openalex.org/W2798650501","https://openalex.org/W2883265831","https://openalex.org/W2890196105","https://openalex.org/W2899505139","https://openalex.org/W2899771611","https://openalex.org/W2908974255","https://openalex.org/W2950182411","https://openalex.org/W2963334428","https://openalex.org/W2963815651","https://openalex.org/W2963888630","https://openalex.org/W3100008240","https://openalex.org/W4213308398"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3173949332","https://openalex.org/W4214835859","https://openalex.org/W2380017313","https://openalex.org/W2520111506","https://openalex.org/W39186842","https://openalex.org/W2032832792","https://openalex.org/W185543890","https://openalex.org/W2523959329","https://openalex.org/W2362399986","https://openalex.org/W3214105681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,15],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,36,83,89,108,122,134],"this":[3],"study":[4],"is":[5,80,104,147],"to":[6,26,59,68],"introduce":[7,74],"new":[8,136],"design-criteria":[9],"for":[10,51],"next-generation":[11],"hyperparameter":[12],"optimization":[13,77,93,97],"software.":[14,94],"criteria":[16],"we":[17,72],"propose":[18],"include":[19],"(1)":[20],"define-by-run":[21,101],"API":[22],"that":[23,47,116,125],"allows":[24],"users":[25],"construct":[27],"the":[28,87,106,114,120,123,127,132,150],"parameter":[29],"search":[30],"space":[31],"dynamically,":[32],"(2)":[33],"efficient":[34],"implementation":[35],"both":[37],"searching":[38],"and":[39,42,130,141],"pruning":[40],"strategies,":[41],"(3)":[43],"easy-to-setup,":[44],"versatile":[45],"architecture":[46],"can":[48],"be":[49],"deployed":[50],"various":[52],"purposes,":[53],"ranging":[54],"from":[55],"scalable":[56],"distributed":[57],"computing":[58],"light-weight":[60],"experiment":[61],"conducted":[62],"via":[63],"interactive":[64],"interface.":[65],"In":[66],"order":[67],"prove":[69],"our":[70,84,135],"point,":[71],"will":[73,112],"Optuna,":[75],"an":[76,96],"software":[78,98,124,146],"which":[79],"a":[81,90],"culmination":[82],"effort":[85],"in":[86,119],"development":[88,121],"next":[91],"generation":[92],"As":[95],"designed":[99],"with":[100],"principle,":[102],"Optuna":[103],"particularly":[105],"first":[107],"its":[109],"kind.":[110],"We":[111],"present":[113],"design-techniques":[115],"became":[117],"necessary":[118],"meets":[126],"above":[128],"criteria,":[129],"demonstrate":[131],"power":[133],"design":[137],"through":[138],"experimental":[139],"results":[140],"real":[142],"world":[143],"applications.":[144],"Our":[145],"available":[148],"under":[149],"MIT":[151],"license":[152],"(https://github.com/pfnet/optuna/).":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":728},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2533},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1582},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":987},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":546},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":351},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":143},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2019-06-27T00:00:00"}
