{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914202940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3292500.3330664","title":"Mathematical Notions vs. Human Perception of Fairness","display_name":"Mathematical Notions vs. Human Perception of Fairness","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914202940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3292500.3330664","mag":"2914202940"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3292500.3330664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3292500.3330664","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3292500.3330664","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3292500.3330664","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043099018","display_name":"Megha Srivastava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7816-8391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Megha Srivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037735812","display_name":"Hoda Heidari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3710-4076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoda Heidari","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003040843","display_name":"Andreas Krause","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7260-9673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Krause","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043099018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.2654,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":180,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99636983,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2459","last_page":"2468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.9258999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impossibility","display_name":"Impossibility","score":0.7703274488449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7217801809310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fairness-measure","display_name":"Fairness measure","score":0.608510434627533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5951061248779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5808671116828918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.54979407787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ask-price","display_name":"Ask price","score":0.4939752221107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.36445632576942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2776336371898651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.17337799072265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13413241505622864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.11170974373817444}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776261394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315562","display_name":"Impossibility","level":2,"score":0.7703274488449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7217801809310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11867375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5430671","display_name":"Fairness measure","level":4,"score":0.608510434627533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5951061248779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5808671116828918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.54979407787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90329073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914232","display_name":"Ask price","level":2,"score":0.4939752221107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.36445632576942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2776336371898651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.17337799072265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13413241505622864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.11170974373817444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3292500.3330664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3292500.3330664","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3292500.3330664","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3292500.3330664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3292500.3330664","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3292500.3330664","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2499887605","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DGE-1656518","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G320138474","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-1656518","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5267932457","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1656518","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321652","display_name":"Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule Z\u00fcrich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914202940.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914202940.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014352947","https://openalex.org/W2095932468","https://openalex.org/W2100960835","https://openalex.org/W2148029531","https://openalex.org/W2177870565","https://openalex.org/W2182727095","https://openalex.org/W2396394641","https://openalex.org/W2540757487","https://openalex.org/W2584805976","https://openalex.org/W2588194244","https://openalex.org/W2758041078","https://openalex.org/W2786004891","https://openalex.org/W2786242872","https://openalex.org/W2788481061","https://openalex.org/W2795743913","https://openalex.org/W2808105152","https://openalex.org/W2890994198","https://openalex.org/W2896252141","https://openalex.org/W2950538796","https://openalex.org/W2951249809","https://openalex.org/W2962922665","https://openalex.org/W2963588812","https://openalex.org/W2963934714","https://openalex.org/W2964316623","https://openalex.org/W3083206818","https://openalex.org/W3099361686","https://openalex.org/W3100046612","https://openalex.org/W3106076062","https://openalex.org/W4288359825","https://openalex.org/W4289258088","https://openalex.org/W4289751798","https://openalex.org/W4296978576"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384156839","https://openalex.org/W4321602641","https://openalex.org/W2394251275","https://openalex.org/W4241392912","https://openalex.org/W2596801716","https://openalex.org/W4387391601","https://openalex.org/W2141614742","https://openalex.org/W2369846953","https://openalex.org/W2362926696","https://openalex.org/W2883029268"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fairness":[0],"for":[1,196,203],"Machine":[2],"Learning":[3],"has":[4,19,36],"received":[5],"considerable":[6],"attention,":[7],"recently.":[8],"Various":[9],"mathematical":[10,150],"formulations":[11,48],"of":[12,29,49,65,78,109,117,130,140,152,160,184,192],"fairness":[13,66,110,131,161],"have":[14,200],"been":[15,20],"proposed,":[16],"and":[17,102,186,208],"it":[18,23],"shown":[21],"that":[22,111,146],"is":[24,80,93],"impossible":[25],"to":[26,67,94,105,124],"satisfy":[27],"all":[28,63],"them":[30,79],"simultaneously.":[31],"The":[32],"literature":[33,207],"so":[34],"far":[35],"dealt":[37],"with":[38,132],"these":[39],"impossibility":[40],"results":[41],"by":[42],"quantifying":[43],"the":[44,71,81,85,90,107,126,147,176,179,189,204,209],"tradeoffs":[45],"between":[46],"different":[47,55],"fairness.":[50,118,214],"Our":[51,198],"work":[52],"takes":[53],"a":[54,99,137],"perspective":[56],"on":[57,211],"this":[58],"issue.":[59],"Rather":[60],"than":[61],"requiring":[62],"notions":[64,195],"(partially)":[68],"hold":[69],"at":[70],"same":[72],"time,":[73],"we":[74,144,173,187],"ask":[75],"which":[76,89],"one":[77],"most":[82,127,148],"appropriate":[83],"given":[84],"societal":[86],"domain":[87],"in":[88,162],"decision-making":[91],"model":[92],"be":[95],"deployed.":[96],"We":[97,119],"take":[98],"descriptive":[100],"approach":[101],"set":[103],"out":[104],"identify":[106],"notion":[108,129],"best":[112],"captures":[113],"lay":[114],"people's":[115,158],"perception":[116],"run":[120],"adaptive":[121],"experiments":[122],"designed":[123],"pinpoint":[125],"compatible":[128],"each":[133],"participant's":[134],"choices":[135],"through":[136],"small":[138],"number":[139],"tests.":[141],"Perhaps":[142],"surprisingly,":[143],"find":[145],"simplistic":[149],"definition":[151],"fairness---namely,":[153],"demographic":[154],"parity---most":[155],"closely":[156],"matches":[157],"idea":[159],"two":[163],"distinct":[164],"application":[165],"scenarios.":[166],"This":[167],"conclusion":[168],"remains":[169],"intact":[170],"even":[171],"when":[172],"explicitly":[174],"tell":[175],"participants":[177],"about":[178],"alternative,":[180],"more":[181],"complicated":[182],"definitions":[183],"fairness,":[185],"reduce":[188],"cognitive":[190],"burden":[191],"evaluating":[193],"those":[194],"them.":[197],"findings":[199],"important":[201],"implications":[202],"Fair":[205],"ML":[206],"discourse":[210],"formalizing":[212],"algorithmic":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}