{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2966268134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3291279.3339408","title":"Inferential Statistics in Computing Education Research","display_name":"Inferential Statistics in Computing Education Research","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2966268134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3291279.3339408","mag":"2966268134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3291279.3339408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3291279.3339408","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033045269","display_name":"Kate Sanders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-1843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196272386","display_name":"Providence College","ror":"https://ror.org/00rxpqe74","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196272386"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53118340","display_name":"Rhode Island College","ror":"https://ror.org/01k5gt570","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53118340"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kate Sanders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rhode Island College, Providence, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rhode Island College, Providence, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196272386","https://openalex.org/I53118340"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022993892","display_name":"Judy Sheard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4179-8149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judy Sheard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054692443","display_name":"Brett A. Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1446-647X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brett A. Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090352832","display_name":"Anna Eckerdal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6588-1246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Eckerdal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031360761","display_name":"Sally Hamouda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2299-7983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196272386","display_name":"Providence College","ror":"https://ror.org/00rxpqe74","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196272386"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53118340","display_name":"Rhode Island College","ror":"https://ror.org/01k5gt570","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53118340"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sally Hamouda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rhode Island College, Providence, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rhode Island College, Providence, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196272386","https://openalex.org/I53118340"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Simon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"177","last_page":"185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11875","display_name":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11875","display_name":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6334483623504639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wilcoxon-signed-rank-test","display_name":"Wilcoxon signed-rank test","score":0.5723257660865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics-education","display_name":"Statistics education","score":0.5635773539543152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.5050438046455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.49028995633125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.465817928314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-inference","display_name":"Statistical inference","score":0.46562737226486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","score":0.451314240694046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/descriptive-statistics","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","score":0.4391144812107086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-statistics","display_name":"Computational statistics","score":0.431632399559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-analysis","display_name":"Statistical analysis","score":0.4239479899406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.4036770462989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mann\u2013whitney-u-test","display_name":"Mann\u2013Whitney U test","score":0.3412330150604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.24779647588729858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2078009843826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20487380027770996}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6334483623504639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206041023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751970","display_name":"Wilcoxon signed-rank test","level":3,"score":0.5723257660865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182109673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604437","display_name":"Statistics education","level":2,"score":0.5635773539543152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5050438046455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.49028995633125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.465817928314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134261354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical inference","level":2,"score":0.46562737226486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.451314240694046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.4391144812107086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176222170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157340","display_name":"Computational statistics","level":2,"score":0.431632399559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.4239479899406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4036770462989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12868164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424533","display_name":"Mann\u2013Whitney U test","level":2,"score":0.3412330150604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.24779647588729858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2078009843826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20487380027770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3291279.3339408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3291279.3339408","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308275","display_name":"American Educational Research Association","ror":"https://ror.org/00pmt4r91"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26890300","https://openalex.org/W120384207","https://openalex.org/W282540640","https://openalex.org/W1568955415","https://openalex.org/W1587555836","https://openalex.org/W1881792686","https://openalex.org/W1920334038","https://openalex.org/W1964157254","https://openalex.org/W1965525214","https://openalex.org/W1966463724","https://openalex.org/W1968261637","https://openalex.org/W1971621932","https://openalex.org/W1972586296","https://openalex.org/W2000851492","https://openalex.org/W2000911559","https://openalex.org/W2004582086","https://openalex.org/W2025345322","https://openalex.org/W2037482284","https://openalex.org/W2043469257","https://openalex.org/W2055403580","https://openalex.org/W2067924713","https://openalex.org/W2075562813","https://openalex.org/W2076898331","https://openalex.org/W2085230034","https://openalex.org/W2104695310","https://openalex.org/W2149410173","https://openalex.org/W2187104417","https://openalex.org/W2208615015","https://openalex.org/W2507147444","https://openalex.org/W2886656734","https://openalex.org/W4205785435","https://openalex.org/W4253609317","https://openalex.org/W4298884035"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589014849","https://openalex.org/W603619847","https://openalex.org/W3214045955","https://openalex.org/W4281954079","https://openalex.org/W4378008943","https://openalex.org/W2022975433","https://openalex.org/W4252009252","https://openalex.org/W4252116033","https://openalex.org/W2999521320","https://openalex.org/W4293203435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"goal":[1],"of":[2,37,53,66,73,80,82,102,116,119,140],"most":[3,47,84],"computing":[4,14,143],"education":[5,144],"research":[6,145],"is":[7,15,128],"to":[8,70,130,137,147],"effect":[9],"positive":[10],"change":[11],"in":[12,97,142],"how":[13,155,160],"taught":[16],"and":[17,76,91,99,146,159],"learned.":[18],"Statistical":[19],"techniques":[20,55,87],"are":[21,106,135],"one":[22],"important":[23],"tool":[24],"for":[25],"achieving":[26],"this":[27,30],"goal.":[28],"In":[29,109],"paper":[31,112],"we":[32],"report":[33],"on":[34,154],"an":[35,51],"analysis":[36,79],"ICER":[38,57,124,152],"papers":[39,103],"that":[40,164],"use":[41,118,139],"inferential":[42,120],"statistics.":[43],"We":[44,93],"present":[45],"the":[46,54,56,71,74,83,111,117,123,138,151],"commonly":[48,85],"used":[49,60,86],"techniques;":[50],"overview":[52],"community":[58,153],"has":[59],"over":[61],"its":[62],"first":[63],"14":[64],"years":[65],"papers,":[67],"grouped":[68],"according":[69],"purpose":[72],"technique;":[75],"a":[77,114],"detailed":[78],"three":[81],"(t-test,":[88],"chi-squared":[89],"test,":[90],"Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon).":[92],"identify":[94],"common":[95],"flaws":[96],"reporting":[98],"give":[100],"examples":[101],"where":[104],"statistics":[105,121,141,158],"reported":[107],"well.":[108],"sum,":[110],"draws":[113],"picture":[115,127],"by":[122,150],"community.":[125],"This":[126],"intended":[129],"help":[131],"orient":[132],"researchers":[133],"who":[134],"new":[136],"encourage":[148],"reflection":[149],"it":[156,161],"uses":[157],"can":[162],"improve":[163],"use.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
