{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288359814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300854","title":"Friend, Collaborator, Student, Manager","display_name":"Friend, Collaborator, Student, Manager","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288359814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3290605.3300854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300854","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3290605.3300854","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3290605.3300854","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000736647","display_name":"Matthew Guzdial","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8673-9962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Guzdial","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068427465","display_name":"Nicholas Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Altanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Altanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046725885","display_name":"Jonathan H. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4387-8740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101949918","display_name":"Shaoyu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1856-6294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shao-Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001032462","display_name":"Shukan Shah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shukan Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020435497","display_name":"Vishwa Shah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishwa Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041589803","display_name":"Joshua O. Reno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-6910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Reno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000073913","display_name":"Gillian Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2765-7702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gillian Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061883150","display_name":"Mark Riedl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5283-6588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark O. Riedl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Altanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Altanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.807,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96412084,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6436511278152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.5454372763633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5439110398292542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-design","display_name":"Game design","score":0.5187695026397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.5032438635826111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.45699355006217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42836394906044006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.42024731636047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-process","display_name":"Design process","score":0.4139328598976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.34448307752609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3297550082206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21509414911270142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-in-process","display_name":"Work in process","score":0.14705708622932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.13229939341545105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6436511278152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.5454372763633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5439110398292542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503285160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858057","display_name":"Game design","level":2,"score":0.5187695026397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5032438635826111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.45699355006217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42836394906044006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.42024731636047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48262172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16908765","display_name":"Design process","level":3,"score":0.4139328598976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.34448307752609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3297550082206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21509414911270142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.14705708622932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.13229939341545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3290605.3300854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300854","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3290605.3300854","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1901.06417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1901.06417","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.06417","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3290605.3300854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300854","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3290605.3300854","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3037942215","display_name":"CHS: Small: Scientific Design of Interactive Human Computation Systems","funder_award_id":"1525967","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288359814.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288359814.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38161365","https://openalex.org/W196214544","https://openalex.org/W1823742419","https://openalex.org/W2027451374","https://openalex.org/W2035033474","https://openalex.org/W2049276185","https://openalex.org/W2059216172","https://openalex.org/W2084640692","https://openalex.org/W2108806781","https://openalex.org/W2131799829","https://openalex.org/W2141104189","https://openalex.org/W2147538364","https://openalex.org/W2158604749","https://openalex.org/W2168115594","https://openalex.org/W2228991311","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2290393232","https://openalex.org/W2302243225","https://openalex.org/W2338312508","https://openalex.org/W2403961113","https://openalex.org/W2512906007","https://openalex.org/W2546680972","https://openalex.org/W2577482072","https://openalex.org/W2579414847","https://openalex.org/W2586544230","https://openalex.org/W2602896535","https://openalex.org/W2606712314","https://openalex.org/W2610369507","https://openalex.org/W2700693968","https://openalex.org/W2709541815","https://openalex.org/W2726805909","https://openalex.org/W2792641098","https://openalex.org/W2792919371","https://openalex.org/W2793262722","https://openalex.org/W2796000004","https://openalex.org/W2805897895","https://openalex.org/W2891016259","https://openalex.org/W2891315133","https://openalex.org/W2896010852","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2963223306","https://openalex.org/W2963920537","https://openalex.org/W2964201809","https://openalex.org/W4249013746","https://openalex.org/W4289492459","https://openalex.org/W4294619778","https://openalex.org/W4299828299","https://openalex.org/W4301368159","https://openalex.org/W6713134421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356229341","https://openalex.org/W2349768204","https://openalex.org/W4313326281","https://openalex.org/W574867512","https://openalex.org/W2387271333","https://openalex.org/W581389233","https://openalex.org/W2392243736","https://openalex.org/W2361120309","https://openalex.org/W632157940","https://openalex.org/W2387981414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1,26],"advances":[2],"have":[3],"afforded":[4],"an":[5],"increase":[6],"in":[7,47,102,136],"algorithms":[8,27],"capable":[9],"of":[10,45,76,89],"creating":[11],"art,":[12],"music,":[13],"stories,":[14],"games,":[15],"and":[16,107,124],"more.":[17],"However,":[18],"it":[19],"is":[20],"not":[21],"yet":[22],"well-understood":[23],"how":[24,39],"machine":[25],"might":[28],"best":[29],"collaborate":[30],"with":[31,63,86],"people":[32],"to":[33,119],"support":[34],"creative":[35,49],"expression.":[36],"To":[37],"investigate":[38],"practicing":[40],"designers":[41,100,118,128],"perceive":[42],"the":[43,48,77,110,113,116,126,130,147],"role":[44,108,145],"AI":[46,66,114,131],"process,":[50],"we":[51,72],"developed":[52],"a":[53,64,87],"game":[54],"level":[55,67,99,117,127],"design":[56,75,122,138],"tool":[57,81],"for":[58,146],"Super":[59],"Mario":[60],"Bros.-style":[61],"games":[62],"built-in":[65],"designer.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"paper":[71],"discuss":[73],"our":[74],"Morai":[78],"Maker":[79],"intelligent":[80],"through":[82],"two":[83],"mixed-methods":[84],"studies":[85],"total":[88],"over":[90],"one-hundred":[91],"participants.":[92],"Our":[93],"findings":[94],"are":[95],"as":[96,132],"follows:":[97],"(1)":[98],"vary":[101],"their":[103,121,137,143],"desired":[104,144],"interactions":[105],"with,":[106],"of,":[109],"AI,":[111],"(2)":[112],"prompted":[115],"alter":[120],"practices,":[123],"(3)":[125],"perceived":[129],"having":[133],"potential":[134],"value":[135],"practice,":[139],"varying":[140],"based":[141],"on":[142],"AI.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2022-07-29T00:00:00"}