{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2942138835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300560","title":"Conservation of Procrastination","display_name":"Conservation of Procrastination","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2942138835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300560","mag":"2942138835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3290605.3300560","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300560","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027124881","display_name":"Geza Kovacs","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Geza Kovacs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023475398","display_name":"Drew Mylander Gregory","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Drew Mylander Gregory","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100306571","display_name":"Zilin Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131221577","display_name":"Bucknell University","ror":"https://ror.org/00fc1qt65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131221577"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zilin Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131221577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073901457","display_name":"Zhengxuan Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengxuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044304224","display_name":"Golrokh Emami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Golrokh Emami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073948953","display_name":"Jacob G. Ray","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Ray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076189854","display_name":"Michael S. Bernstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8020-9434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S. Bernstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027124881"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2104,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79462014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12258","display_name":"Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procrastination","display_name":"Procrastination","score":0.9224005937576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.7117346525192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-phone","display_name":"Mobile phone","score":0.61371910572052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5598414540290833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.5579516291618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavior-change","display_name":"Behavior change","score":0.4924803674221039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4572647511959076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.4357141852378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","score":0.4328542947769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.41367006301879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20024117827415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.17979341745376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1679368019104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1458815336227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.09956395626068115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194279344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330104","display_name":"Procrastination","level":2,"score":0.9224005937576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.7117346525192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777421447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Mobile phone","level":2,"score":0.61371910572052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5598414540290833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.5579516291618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14262774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880695","display_name":"Behavior change","level":2,"score":0.4924803674221039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4572647511959076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.4357141852378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4328542947769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.41367006301879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20024117827415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.17979341745376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1679368019104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1458815336227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.09956395626068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3290605.3300560","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300560","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81219586","https://openalex.org/W583326165","https://openalex.org/W1523943095","https://openalex.org/W1592251778","https://openalex.org/W1965851068","https://openalex.org/W1977649253","https://openalex.org/W1980774733","https://openalex.org/W1982680448","https://openalex.org/W1982862532","https://openalex.org/W1988136222","https://openalex.org/W2002144979","https://openalex.org/W2007099706","https://openalex.org/W2007124379","https://openalex.org/W2016372372","https://openalex.org/W2022164703","https://openalex.org/W2027315866","https://openalex.org/W2033910215","https://openalex.org/W2035846608","https://openalex.org/W2040963510","https://openalex.org/W2051963836","https://openalex.org/W2051999098","https://openalex.org/W2057181385","https://openalex.org/W2065540553","https://openalex.org/W2076459890","https://openalex.org/W2077422864","https://openalex.org/W2078948247","https://openalex.org/W2089502871","https://openalex.org/W2095535364","https://openalex.org/W2102854055","https://openalex.org/W2108880264","https://openalex.org/W2110991980","https://openalex.org/W2111006056","https://openalex.org/W2111298664","https://openalex.org/W2123622898","https://openalex.org/W2123817056","https://openalex.org/W2129887445","https://openalex.org/W2131800446","https://openalex.org/W2135404743","https://openalex.org/W2139129713","https://openalex.org/W2142912849","https://openalex.org/W2144671150","https://openalex.org/W2148527862","https://openalex.org/W2151159941","https://openalex.org/W2152047049","https://openalex.org/W2156221064","https://openalex.org/W2160353804","https://openalex.org/W2252409454","https://openalex.org/W2325723884","https://openalex.org/W2397527499","https://openalex.org/W2397853309","https://openalex.org/W2398727443","https://openalex.org/W2402448694","https://openalex.org/W2406808753","https://openalex.org/W2521701005","https://openalex.org/W2899035333","https://openalex.org/W3094202663","https://openalex.org/W3190854777","https://openalex.org/W4231399809","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4303080522"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253654988","https://openalex.org/W2400934819","https://openalex.org/W4229721065","https://openalex.org/W3094617551","https://openalex.org/W3112845144","https://openalex.org/W2885219768","https://openalex.org/W3122709426","https://openalex.org/W2512431248","https://openalex.org/W2911611190","https://openalex.org/W2367317749"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Productivity":[0],"behavior":[1,34,116],"change":[2,35,117],"systems":[3],"help":[4],"us":[5],"reduce":[6],"our":[7],"time":[8,15,56,74,89],"on":[9,47,55,58,70,76],"unproductive":[10,25],"activities.":[11],"However,":[12],"is":[13,19,79,90,112],"that":[14,41,88,106,115],"actually":[16],"saved,":[17],"or":[18,82,100],"it":[20],"just":[21],"redirected":[22],"to":[23,97],"other":[24,59,77],"activities?":[26],"We":[27,63],"report":[28],"an":[29],"experiment":[30],"using":[31],"HabitLab,":[32],"a":[33,48],"browser":[36,96],"extension":[37],"and":[38,51,61,114],"phone":[39,99],"application,":[40],"manipulated":[42],"the":[43,53,71],"frequency":[44,68],"of":[45,109],"interventions":[46],"focal":[49,72],"goal":[50],"measured":[52],"effects":[54],"spent":[57,75],"applications":[60,78],"platforms.":[62],"find":[64,87],"that,":[65],"when":[66],"intervention":[67],"increases":[69],"goal,":[73],"held":[80],"constant":[81],"even":[83],"reduced.":[84],"Likewise,":[85],"we":[86],"not":[91],"redistributed":[92],"across":[93],"platforms":[94],"from":[95],"mobile":[98],"vice":[101],"versa.":[102],"These":[103],"results":[104],"suggest":[105],"any":[107],"conservation":[108],"procrastination":[110],"effect":[111],"minimal,":[113],"designers":[118],"may":[119],"target":[120],"individual":[121],"productivity":[122],"goals":[123],"without":[124],"causing":[125],"substantial":[126],"negative":[127],"second-order":[128],"effects.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}