{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2940995469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300487","title":"Predicting Cognitive Load in Future Code Puzzles","display_name":"Predicting Cognitive Load in Future Code Puzzles","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2940995469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300487","mag":"2940995469"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3290605.3300487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300487","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042259261","display_name":"Caitlin Kelleher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9470-1478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caitlin Kelleher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067537617","display_name":"Wint Hnin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wint Hnin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-load","display_name":"Cognitive load","score":0.8143097162246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7815023064613342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.668302059173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5627627372741699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5231265425682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4593849778175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4466083347797394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-effort","display_name":"Mental effort","score":0.41832372546195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.37866729497909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.16179919242858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12110444903373718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06724321842193604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.8143097162246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7815023064613342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.668302059173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5627627372741699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5231265425682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4593849778175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4466083347797394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985571061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Mental effort","level":3,"score":0.41832372546195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.37866729497909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16179919242858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12110444903373718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06724321842193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3290605.3300487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300487","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313655","display_name":"Foundation for Research, Science and Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23996465","https://openalex.org/W61363324","https://openalex.org/W125833630","https://openalex.org/W132028353","https://openalex.org/W134713021","https://openalex.org/W1500829624","https://openalex.org/W1540401070","https://openalex.org/W1580195166","https://openalex.org/W1586824032","https://openalex.org/W1604035336","https://openalex.org/W1604260339","https://openalex.org/W1964716415","https://openalex.org/W1967395107","https://openalex.org/W1976526581","https://openalex.org/W1976637107","https://openalex.org/W1980877068","https://openalex.org/W1985925643","https://openalex.org/W1992722608","https://openalex.org/W1994510396","https://openalex.org/W1996986259","https://openalex.org/W2004429519","https://openalex.org/W2012265254","https://openalex.org/W2014510839","https://openalex.org/W2017931558","https://openalex.org/W2037482284","https://openalex.org/W2039958052","https://openalex.org/W2046036800","https://openalex.org/W2048783550","https://openalex.org/W2060965839","https://openalex.org/W2062547048","https://openalex.org/W2066930759","https://openalex.org/W2067115680","https://openalex.org/W2070975045","https://openalex.org/W2079172301","https://openalex.org/W2079226816","https://openalex.org/W2084895013","https://openalex.org/W2088730954","https://openalex.org/W2096586663","https://openalex.org/W2096735168","https://openalex.org/W2101992201","https://openalex.org/W2124868162","https://openalex.org/W2130736456","https://openalex.org/W2131057562","https://openalex.org/W2136090849","https://openalex.org/W2140995456","https://openalex.org/W2141019025","https://openalex.org/W2145922147","https://openalex.org/W2146057986","https://openalex.org/W2147402878","https://openalex.org/W2147435888","https://openalex.org/W2150095776","https://openalex.org/W2203736954","https://openalex.org/W2251849223","https://openalex.org/W2398107648","https://openalex.org/W2508349037","https://openalex.org/W2514730503","https://openalex.org/W2550404814","https://openalex.org/W2592537823","https://openalex.org/W2604398661","https://openalex.org/W2741528557","https://openalex.org/W2766230222","https://openalex.org/W2789147155","https://openalex.org/W2886511030","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2936028763","https://openalex.org/W3099723811","https://openalex.org/W4212865462","https://openalex.org/W4250943966","https://openalex.org/W4253533180","https://openalex.org/W4301878330"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183783065","https://openalex.org/W646064768","https://openalex.org/W2064749740","https://openalex.org/W2061189547","https://openalex.org/W2163308106","https://openalex.org/W2150155019","https://openalex.org/W4380605285","https://openalex.org/W3087767647","https://openalex.org/W3158578353","https://openalex.org/W3153055590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Code":[0],"puzzles":[1,21],"are":[2],"an":[3,125],"increasingly":[4],"popular":[5],"way":[6],"to":[7,10,17,42,55,66,107,116],"introduce":[8],"youth":[9],"programming.":[11],"Yet":[12],"our":[13],"knowledge":[14],"about":[15],"how":[16],"maximize":[18],"learning":[19],"from":[20],"is":[22,64,124],"incomplete.":[23],"We":[24],"conducted":[25],"a":[26,32,44,47,83,121],"data":[27],"collection":[28],"study":[29],"and":[30,110],"trained":[31],"model":[33,60,74,92],"that":[34,62,105],"predicts":[35],"cognitive":[36,51],"load,":[37],"the":[38,73,78,87,91,98,103,114,129],"mental":[39],"effort":[40],"necessary":[41],"complete":[43],"task,":[45],"on":[46,70,120],"future":[48,71,122],"puzzle.":[49],"Controlling":[50],"load":[52],"can":[53],"lead":[54],"more":[56,79],"effective":[57],"learning.":[58],"Our":[59],"suggests":[61],"it":[63],"possible":[65],"predict":[67,117],"Cognitive":[68,108,118],"Load":[69,119],"problems;":[72],"could":[75],"correctly":[76],"distinguish":[77],"difficult":[80],"puzzle":[81,101,123,134],"within":[82],"pair":[84],"71%-79%":[85],"of":[86,100,131],"time.":[88],"Further,":[89],"studying":[90],"itself":[93],"provides":[94],"new":[95],"insights":[96],"into":[97],"sources":[99],"difficulty,":[102],"factors":[104],"contribute":[106],"Load,":[109],"their":[111],"inter-relationships.":[112],"Finally,":[113],"ability":[115],"important":[126],"step":[127],"towards":[128],"creation":[130],"adaptive":[132],"code":[133],"systems.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
