{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2907389250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287037","title":"CrowdX","display_name":"CrowdX","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2907389250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287037","mag":"2907389250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3287037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028519714","display_name":"Huijie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8322-790X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huijie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Engineering Research Center of High Volume Language Information Processing and Cloud Computing Applications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Engineering Research Center of High Volume Language Information Processing and Cloud Computing Applications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100373560","display_name":"Fan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2348-4488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Engineering Research Center of High Volume Language Information Processing and Cloud Computing Applications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Engineering Research Center of High Volume Language Information Processing and Cloud Computing Applications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089427831","display_name":"Xiaojun Hei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6766-4923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Hei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445368","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3511-0288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028519714"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.03,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78880806,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floorplan","display_name":"Floorplan","score":0.9394795298576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7832416892051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.6669654846191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.623317539691925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5295242667198181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.43611446022987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.4289873242378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.4219604730606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34945687651634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3188456892967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.258391410112381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.2253115475177765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130145326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553985","display_name":"Floorplan","level":2,"score":0.9394795298576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7832416892051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.6669654846191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.623317539691925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5295242667198181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.43611446022987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.4289873242378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4219604730606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34945687651634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3188456892967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.258391410112381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.2253115475177765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3287037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2028301771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772077, 61370192, 61432015, 61572347","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76788353","https://openalex.org/W1546433998","https://openalex.org/W1569594906","https://openalex.org/W1976535029","https://openalex.org/W2005539160","https://openalex.org/W2016366434","https://openalex.org/W2037931416","https://openalex.org/W2053245144","https://openalex.org/W2061277264","https://openalex.org/W2090274112","https://openalex.org/W2114254062","https://openalex.org/W2119027683","https://openalex.org/W2123588191","https://openalex.org/W2124773381","https://openalex.org/W2148482829","https://openalex.org/W2164729653","https://openalex.org/W2165158100","https://openalex.org/W2166315077","https://openalex.org/W2177875301","https://openalex.org/W2409052308","https://openalex.org/W2438328984","https://openalex.org/W2484707239","https://openalex.org/W2526147983","https://openalex.org/W2535723296","https://openalex.org/W2560691797","https://openalex.org/W2593124413","https://openalex.org/W2593865182","https://openalex.org/W2606771750","https://openalex.org/W2611877607","https://openalex.org/W2624849939","https://openalex.org/W2753066435","https://openalex.org/W2761378666","https://openalex.org/W2763555263","https://openalex.org/W2770638201","https://openalex.org/W2794534927","https://openalex.org/W4251908798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W2055008360","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W2135118255","https://openalex.org/W2056853153","https://openalex.org/W2057559274","https://openalex.org/W1500063550","https://openalex.org/W215057456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,78,131,183],"lack":[1],"of":[2,7,89,128,139,190],"floorplan":[3,69,141],"limits":[4],"the":[5,23,27,31,47,83,87,93,99,105,114,126,140,174],"spread":[6],"pervasive":[8],"indoor":[9,68],"location-based":[10],"services.":[11],"Existing":[12],"crowdsourcing":[13,63],"based":[14],"approaches":[15],"mostly":[16],"rely":[17],"on":[18],"identifying,":[19],"locating":[20],"landmarks":[21,32],"in":[22,159],"environment":[24],"and":[25,33,92,107,153],"utilizing":[26],"spatial":[28,84],"relationship":[29],"between":[30,95],"traces":[34],"for":[35,65],"efficiently":[36],"constructing":[37],"fine-grained":[38],"floorplan.":[39],"However,":[40],"these":[41],"methods":[42],"are":[43,111],"always":[44],"restricted":[45],"by":[46,113],"sparse":[48],"landmark":[49,149],"distribution":[50],"or":[51],"may":[52],"cause":[53],"privacy":[54],"leakage.":[55],"In":[56,172],"this":[57],"paper,":[58],"we":[59],"propose":[60],"CrowdX,":[61],"a":[62,187],"system":[64],"accurate,":[66],"low-cost":[67],"construction":[70],"enhanced":[71,192],"with":[72,193],"opportunistic":[73,194],"encounters":[74],"among":[75],"mobile":[76],"users.":[77],"key":[79],"insight":[80],"is":[81,135],"that":[82,164],"relation":[85],"(i.e.,":[86],"displacement":[88],"each":[90,96],"user":[91],"distance":[94],"other":[97],"during":[98],"encounter)":[100],"will":[101],"be":[102,122],"extracted":[103],"from":[104],"audio":[106],"inertia":[108],"data,":[109],"which":[110],"aligned":[112],"proposed":[115],"vibration":[116],"event-based":[117],"method.":[118],"Such":[119],"information":[120],"can":[121],"used":[123],"to":[124,137],"calibrate":[125],"drift":[127,147],"encounter":[129,133],"position.":[130],"calibrated":[132],"position":[134],"beneficial":[136],"most":[138],"generation":[142],"steps,":[143],"such":[144],"as":[145],"trace":[146],"elimination,":[148],"positioning,":[150],"hallway":[151],"assembling,":[152],"room":[154,177],"area":[155,178],"estimation.":[156],"Our":[157],"experiments":[158],"three":[160],"shopping":[161],"malls":[162],"show":[163],"CrowdX":[165],"achieves":[166],"an":[167],"average":[168,175],"F-measure":[169],"around":[170],"89.4%.":[171],"addition,":[173],"estimated":[176],"error":[179],"within":[180],"about":[181],"20%.":[182],"evaluation":[184],"results":[185],"demonstrate":[186],"significant":[188],"improvement":[189],"accuracy":[191],"encounters.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2019-01-11T00:00:00"}
