{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2900919093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3283071","title":"Transformative and Troublesome? Students' and Professional Programmers' Perspectives on Difficult Concepts in Programming","display_name":"Transformative and Troublesome? Students' and Professional Programmers' Perspectives on Difficult Concepts in Programming","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2900919093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3283071","mag":"2900919093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3283071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3283071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764465379","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","issn_l":"1946-6226","issn":["1946-6226"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Transformative_and_troublesome_Students_and_professional_programmers_perspectives_on_difficult_concepts_in_programming/23463773","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069232696","display_name":"Lucy Yeomans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7409-0577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119896","display_name":"King's College School","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbqcn27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucy Yeomans","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education, Communication 8 Society, King\u2019s College London, UK","School of Education, Communication 8 Society, King's College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education, Communication 8 Society, King\u2019s College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education, Communication 8 Society, King's College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119896","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090213114","display_name":"Steffen Zschaler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9062-6637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffen Zschaler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, King's College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9062-6637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, King's College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040467679","display_name":"Kelly Coate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-8138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly Coate","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education and Social Work, University of Sussex, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education and Social Work, University of Sussex, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9423,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95833111,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformative-learning","display_name":"Transformative learning","score":0.9218223094940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5810347199440002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.42998582124710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.39916396141052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3209379017353058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.2906109094619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2679789364337921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.26316308975219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09937864542007446}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.9218223094940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5810347199440002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.42998582124710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.39916396141052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3209379017353058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2906109094619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2679789364337921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.26316308975219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09937864542007446}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3283071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3283071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764465379","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","issn_l":"1946-6226","issn":["1946-6226"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23463773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Transformative_and_troublesome_Students_and_professional_programmers_perspectives_on_difficult_concepts_in_programming/23463773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sro.sussex.ac.uk:80233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/80233/1/__smbhome.uscs.susx.ac.uk_dm50_Desktop_transformative-troublesome-perspectives.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400129","display_name":"Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","host_organization_name":"University of Sussex","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23463773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Transformative_and_troublesome_Students_and_professional_programmers_perspectives_on_difficult_concepts_in_programming/23463773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320285","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24608060","https://openalex.org/W28597213","https://openalex.org/W65461748","https://openalex.org/W146809318","https://openalex.org/W1487426945","https://openalex.org/W1487931991","https://openalex.org/W1494736557","https://openalex.org/W1507539036","https://openalex.org/W1533181457","https://openalex.org/W1971075638","https://openalex.org/W1980923777","https://openalex.org/W1984959479","https://openalex.org/W1986407015","https://openalex.org/W1991469716","https://openalex.org/W1995335731","https://openalex.org/W1995969371","https://openalex.org/W1997495882","https://openalex.org/W2009514422","https://openalex.org/W2015646345","https://openalex.org/W2027646539","https://openalex.org/W2028775105","https://openalex.org/W2029752393","https://openalex.org/W2033086912","https://openalex.org/W2055439635","https://openalex.org/W2059092845","https://openalex.org/W2059311901","https://openalex.org/W2060462112","https://openalex.org/W2069812583","https://openalex.org/W2078506327","https://openalex.org/W2087003662","https://openalex.org/W2116199508","https://openalex.org/W2122166962","https://openalex.org/W2127773115","https://openalex.org/W2135851823","https://openalex.org/W2138639010","https://openalex.org/W2147070375","https://openalex.org/W2151278638","https://openalex.org/W2158081248","https://openalex.org/W2166305034","https://openalex.org/W2181889316","https://openalex.org/W2313578790","https://openalex.org/W2341504542","https://openalex.org/W2389478667","https://openalex.org/W2400494479","https://openalex.org/W2554966558","https://openalex.org/W2754743106","https://openalex.org/W2767191763","https://openalex.org/W2798183161","https://openalex.org/W2939487271","https://openalex.org/W2998738573","https://openalex.org/W3002809031","https://openalex.org/W3023063816","https://openalex.org/W4245961435","https://openalex.org/W4247069824","https://openalex.org/W4248642291"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2169196470","https://openalex.org/W4385368139","https://openalex.org/W4237580245","https://openalex.org/W3113185420","https://openalex.org/W2906134827","https://openalex.org/W4322745238","https://openalex.org/W4241245680","https://openalex.org/W3124327509","https://openalex.org/W4384833310"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programming":[0],"skills":[1],"are":[2,56,82,169],"an":[3],"increasingly":[4],"desirable":[5],"asset":[6],"across":[7],"disciplines;":[8],"however,":[9],"learning":[10,235,265],"to":[11,14,25,69,84,88,108,133],"program":[12],"continues":[13],"be":[15,186],"difficult":[16,33],"for":[17,212,262],"many":[18],"students.":[19],"To":[20],"improve":[21],"pedagogy,":[22],"we":[23,101,197,241],"need":[24],"better":[26],"understand":[27],"the":[28,37,71,92,148,151,174,190,199,215,223,234,248,254],"concepts":[29,54,75,140,145,168,183,205,227,258],"that":[30,55,228],"students":[31,121],"find":[32],"and":[34,58,87,162,214],"which":[35,240],"have":[36,242],"biggest":[38],"impact":[39],"on":[40,49,53,103,139,156],"their":[41,157],"learning.":[42],"Threshold-concept":[43],"theory":[44],"provides":[45],"a":[46,64,104,251,260],"potential":[47],"lens":[48,261],"student":[50],"learning,":[51],"focusing":[52],"troublesome":[57,158],"transformative.":[59],"However,":[60,179],"there":[61],"is":[62,177],"still":[63],"lack":[65],"of":[66,91,95,111,122,153,166,193,203,217,222,236,253,256,266],"consensus":[67],"as":[68,125,127,132,259],"what":[70],"most":[72],"relevant":[73],"threshold":[74,96,194,238,257],"in":[76,189],"programming":[77,218],"are.":[78],"The":[79,114],"challenges":[80],"involved":[81,116],"related":[83],"concept":[85,195],"granularity":[86],"evidencing":[89],"some":[90,110],"properties":[93],"expected":[94],"concepts.":[97],"In":[98],"this":[99],"article,":[100],"report":[102],"qualitative":[105],"study":[106,115],"aiming":[107],"address":[109],"these":[112,167,182,237],"concerns.":[113],"focus":[117],"groups":[118,124],"with":[119,250],"undergraduate":[120],"different-year":[123],"well":[126],"professional":[128],"software":[129],"developers":[130],"so":[131],"gain":[134],"insights":[135],"into":[136],"how":[137],"perspectives":[138],"change":[141],"over":[142],"time.":[143],"Four":[144],"emerged":[146],"from":[147],"data,":[149],"where":[150],"majority":[152],"participants":[154],"agreed":[155],"nature\u2014including":[159],"abstract":[160],"classes":[161],"data":[163,224],"structures.":[164],"Some":[165],"considered":[170,187],"transformative,":[171],"too,":[172],"but":[173],"evidence":[175],"base":[176],"weaker.":[178],"even":[180],"though":[181],"may":[184,229],"not":[185],"transformative":[188,201],"\u201cbig\u201d":[191],"sense":[192],"theory,":[196],"argue":[198],"\u201csoft\u201d":[200],"effect":[202],"such":[204],"means":[206],"they":[207],"can":[208],"provide":[209],"important":[210],"guidance":[211],"pedagogy":[213],"design":[216],"courses.":[219],"Further":[220],"analysis":[221],"identified":[225],"additional":[226],"hinder":[230],"rather":[231],"than":[232],"help":[233],"concepts,":[239],"called":[243],"\u201caccidental":[244],"complexities.\u201d":[245],"We":[246],"conclude":[247],"article":[249],"critique":[252],"use":[255],"studying":[263],"students\u2019":[264],"programming.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
