{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901576596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3281745","title":"Analysis of Reflexive Eye Movements for Fast Replay-Resistant Biometric Authentication","display_name":"Analysis of Reflexive Eye Movements for Fast Replay-Resistant Biometric Authentication","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901576596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3281745","mag":"2901576596"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3281745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3281745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174050","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","issn_l":"2471-2566","issn":["2471-2566","2471-2574"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089980408","display_name":"Ivo Sluganovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-7932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivo Sluganovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-7932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015678669","display_name":"Marc Roeschlin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Roeschlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035426350","display_name":"Kasper Rasmussen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-9985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kasper B. Rasmussen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033928805","display_name":"Ivan Martinovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2340-3040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Martinovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3191,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81723529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8304405808448792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8208050727844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.6516859531402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5993369817733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replay-attack","display_name":"Replay attack","score":0.577359676361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.529003918170929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.4839096963405609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.4480394721031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4432622194290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.44176873564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4332987070083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-recognition","display_name":"Iris recognition","score":0.41512760519981384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3607170879840851}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8304405808448792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8208050727844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.6516859531402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5993369817733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11560541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756025","display_name":"Replay attack","level":3,"score":0.577359676361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.529003918170929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.4839096963405609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.4480394721031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4432622194290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.44176873564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4332987070083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112356035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672722","display_name":"Iris recognition","level":3,"score":0.41512760519981384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3607170879840851}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3281745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3281745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174050","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","issn_l":"2471-2566","issn":["2471-2566","2471-2574"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:4d97c9e0-5bcf-4fc2-81ca-c9072098f223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4d97c9e0-5bcf-4fc2-81ca-c9072098f223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2593659663","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GAF1415_SES_ 760682","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320290","funder_display_name":"University of Oxford"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8374058091","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OUCL/2014/IS","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320290","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101934624","https://openalex.org/W179861874","https://openalex.org/W186691757","https://openalex.org/W202537840","https://openalex.org/W766298144","https://openalex.org/W1554675373","https://openalex.org/W1566272905","https://openalex.org/W1980564085","https://openalex.org/W1989000482","https://openalex.org/W1991260712","https://openalex.org/W1998678839","https://openalex.org/W2001537709","https://openalex.org/W2007962314","https://openalex.org/W2009723186","https://openalex.org/W2022116803","https://openalex.org/W2029228773","https://openalex.org/W2033707993","https://openalex.org/W2040642940","https://openalex.org/W2040686253","https://openalex.org/W2043180908","https://openalex.org/W2050362054","https://openalex.org/W2056988391","https://openalex.org/W2064084289","https://openalex.org/W2067059203","https://openalex.org/W2068521782","https://openalex.org/W2069446061","https://openalex.org/W2075655761","https://openalex.org/W2075688541","https://openalex.org/W2080000582","https://openalex.org/W2093923187","https://openalex.org/W2094773601","https://openalex.org/W2096704400","https://openalex.org/W2096842756","https://openalex.org/W2102804490","https://openalex.org/W2118115984","https://openalex.org/W2119348712","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2139094422","https://openalex.org/W2144390195","https://openalex.org/W2151854612","https://openalex.org/W2279375787","https://openalex.org/W2423693064","https://openalex.org/W2468613895","https://openalex.org/W2478355331","https://openalex.org/W2519344800","https://openalex.org/W2535873859","https://openalex.org/W2535970271","https://openalex.org/W2623571173","https://openalex.org/W2625910025","https://openalex.org/W4251338657","https://openalex.org/W4256260106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027539209","https://openalex.org/W2563133041","https://openalex.org/W2794664665","https://openalex.org/W3007059209","https://openalex.org/W4220832730","https://openalex.org/W1688416049","https://openalex.org/W4312120756","https://openalex.org/W2972017669","https://openalex.org/W2783658022","https://openalex.org/W4288120931"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Eye":[0],"tracking":[1,159],"devices":[2],"have":[3],"recently":[4],"become":[5],"increasingly":[6],"popular":[7],"as":[8],"an":[9,32,79,116],"interface":[10],"between":[11],"people":[12],"and":[13,27,74,77,129,168,189,193],"cons-umer-grade":[14],"electronic":[15],"devices.":[16],"Due":[17],"to":[18,31,141],"the":[19,65,91,110,113,148,180,191],"fact":[20,66],"that":[21,67,89,204],"human":[22],"eyes":[23],"are":[24,146],"fast,":[25],"responsive,":[26],"carry":[28],"information":[29],"unique":[30,124],"individual,":[33],"analyzing":[34],"person\u2019s":[35],"gaze":[36,158],"is":[37],"particularly":[38],"attractive":[39],"for":[40,47,83,125],"rapid":[41],"biometric":[42,95,135,154],"authentication.":[43,155],"Unfortunately,":[44],"previous":[45],"proposals":[46],"gaze-based":[48,211],"authentication":[49,60,127,136,212,224],"systems":[50],"either":[51],"suffer":[52],"from":[53,179],"high":[54],"error":[55,217],"rates":[56,218],"or":[57,106,208],"requires":[58],"long":[59],"times.":[61],"We":[62,183],"build":[63,162],"on":[64,109],"some":[68],"eye":[69,87],"movements":[70,88],"can":[71,121],"be":[72,122],"reflexively":[73],"predictably":[75],"triggered":[76],"develop":[78],"interactive":[80],"visual":[81],"stimulus":[82,120],"elicitation":[84],"of":[85,93,100,112,165,172],"reflexive":[86],"support":[90],"extraction":[92],"reliable":[94],"features":[96],"in":[97,132,214],"a":[98,133,157,163,170],"matter":[99],"seconds,":[101],"without":[102],"requiring":[103],"any":[104],"memorization":[105],"cognitive":[107],"effort":[108],"part":[111],"user.":[114],"As":[115],"important":[117],"benefit,":[118],"our":[119,166,205],"made":[123],"every":[126],"attempt":[128],"thus":[130],"incorporated":[131],"challenge-response":[134],"system.":[137],"This":[138],"allows":[139],"us":[140],"prevent":[142],"replay":[143],"attacks,":[144],"which":[145],"possibly":[147],"most":[149],"applicable":[150],"attack":[151,199],"vectors":[152],"against":[153],"Using":[156],"device,":[160],"we":[161],"prototype":[164],"system":[167,187,206],"perform":[169],"series":[171],"systematic":[173],"user":[174],"experiments":[175],"with":[176],"30":[177],"participants":[178],"general":[181],"public.":[182],"thoroughly":[184],"analyze":[185],"various":[186],"parameters":[188],"evaluate":[190],"performance":[192],"security":[194],"guarantees":[195],"under":[196],"several":[197],"different":[198],"scenarios.":[200],"The":[201],"results":[202],"show":[203],"matches":[207],"surpasses":[209],"existing":[210],"methods":[213],"achieved":[215],"equal":[216],"(6.3%)":[219],"while":[220],"achieving":[221],"significantly":[222],"lower":[223],"times":[225],"(5s).":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
