{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901287183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3281411.3281423","title":"DenseVLC","display_name":"DenseVLC","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901287183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3281411.3281423","mag":"2901287183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3281411.3281423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3281411.3281423","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068514392","display_name":"Jona Beysens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4413-7645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jona Beysens","raw_affiliation_strings":["KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059460004","display_name":"Ander Galisteo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5698-3603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ander Galisteo","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060395904","display_name":"Qing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0950-1111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001831518","display_name":"Diego Juara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Juara","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070594563","display_name":"Domenico Giustiniano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3136-4176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domenico Giustiniano","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028689021","display_name":"Sofie Pollin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1470-2076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofie Pollin","raw_affiliation_strings":["KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068514392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.575,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90494012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"320","last_page":"332"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8184898495674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.6952630877494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.6664287447929382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5746607780456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5710378885269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-budget","display_name":"Power budget","score":0.561071515083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5371338725090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.47988688945770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4417807161808014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.43324488401412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4216304421424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.4115087389945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.30311864614486694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.2658641040325165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2604758143424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1971701979637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.19711658358573914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.13526377081871033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0841328501701355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8184898495674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.6952630877494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.6664287447929382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5746607780456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5710378885269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149768029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509342","display_name":"Power budget","level":4,"score":0.561071515083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5371338725090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.47988688945770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4417807161808014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.43324488401412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4216304421424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.4115087389945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.30311864614486694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.2658641040325165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2604758143424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1971701979637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.19711658358573914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13526377081871033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0841328501701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3281411.3281423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3281411.3281423","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6227241069","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1S59918N & 12Y0919N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W355167676","https://openalex.org/W1472267176","https://openalex.org/W1524832437","https://openalex.org/W1540842857","https://openalex.org/W1591737215","https://openalex.org/W1837621942","https://openalex.org/W2017177253","https://openalex.org/W2039273122","https://openalex.org/W2055400633","https://openalex.org/W2060611082","https://openalex.org/W2069357276","https://openalex.org/W2109408601","https://openalex.org/W2121114951","https://openalex.org/W2144644352","https://openalex.org/W2145614561","https://openalex.org/W2162065551","https://openalex.org/W2231837181","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2288632536","https://openalex.org/W2289191545","https://openalex.org/W2483960650","https://openalex.org/W2511460245","https://openalex.org/W2561793447","https://openalex.org/W2593893328","https://openalex.org/W2595627105","https://openalex.org/W2607478241","https://openalex.org/W2610350904","https://openalex.org/W2728773139","https://openalex.org/W2731048996","https://openalex.org/W2746505796","https://openalex.org/W2769949802","https://openalex.org/W2770674333","https://openalex.org/W2787423336","https://openalex.org/W2791537495","https://openalex.org/W2810908054","https://openalex.org/W2950188956","https://openalex.org/W3021705304","https://openalex.org/W4235092362","https://openalex.org/W4235364725","https://openalex.org/W4301005547","https://openalex.org/W6734503289"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385305578","https://openalex.org/W4388819646","https://openalex.org/W4296990932","https://openalex.org/W2351254294","https://openalex.org/W3102516704","https://openalex.org/W2345910612","https://openalex.org/W2382506394","https://openalex.org/W2090275515","https://openalex.org/W1995626081","https://openalex.org/W1956729979"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"LED":[0,23],"luminaries":[1],"are":[2],"now":[3],"deployed":[4],"densely":[5,38],"in":[6,145,157,166],"indoor":[7],"areas":[8],"to":[9,45,77,94,121,131],"provide":[10],"uniform":[11,202],"illumination.":[12,203],"Visible":[13],"Light":[14],"Communication":[15],"(VLC)":[16],"can":[17,57,105,180],"also":[18],"benefit":[19],"from":[20,88],"this":[21,26],"dense":[22],"infrastructure.":[24],"In":[25],"paper,":[27],"we":[28,112],"propose":[29,100,113],"DenseVLC,":[30],"a":[31,51,101,114,129,158],"cell-free":[32],"massive":[33],"MIMO":[34],"system":[35,60,97,147,159,184],"enabled":[36],"by":[37,62,109,186,194],"distributed":[39,70],"LEDs,":[40],"that":[41,104,126,178],"forms":[42],"different":[43],"beamspots":[44],"serve":[46,132],"multiple":[47],"receivers":[48,165],"simultaneously.":[49],"Given":[50],"power":[52,66,84,192],"budget":[53,67],"for":[54,82,201],"communication,":[55],"DenseVLC":[56,138,179],"optimize":[58],"the":[59,65,69,79,83,89,107,124,133,146,182,190,199],"throughput":[61,185],"properly":[63],"assigning":[64],"among":[68],"LEDs.":[71],"We":[72,136],"formulate":[73],"an":[74,167],"optimization":[75],"problem":[76],"derive":[78],"optimal":[80,90],"policy":[81],"allocation.":[85],"Our":[86,175],"insights":[87],"policies":[91],"allow":[92],"us":[93],"simplify":[95],"DenseVLC's":[96],"design":[98],"and":[99,149,154,163],"heuristic":[102],"algorithm":[103],"reduce":[106],"complexity":[108],"99.96%.":[110],"Besides,":[111],"novel":[115],"synchronization":[116],"method":[117],"using":[118],"non-line-of-sight":[119],"VLC":[120],"synchronize":[122],"all":[123],"transmitters":[125,162],"will":[127],"form":[128],"beamspot":[130],"same":[134],"receiver.":[135],"implement":[137],"with":[139,152],"off-the-shelf":[140],"devices,":[141],"solve":[142],"practical":[143],"challenges":[144],"design,":[148],"evaluate":[150],"it":[151],"extensive":[153],"realistic":[155],"experiments":[156],"of":[160,169],"36":[161],"4":[164],"area":[168],"3":[170,173],"m":[171],"x":[172],"m.":[174],"results":[176],"show":[177],"improve":[181,189],"average":[183,191],"45%,":[187],"or":[188],"efficiency":[193],"2.3":[195],"times,":[196],"while":[197],"maintaining":[198],"requirement":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2018-11-29T00:00:00"}