{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901906937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3279720.3279722","title":"Eye-movement Modeling Examples in Source Code Comprehension","display_name":"Eye-movement Modeling Examples in Source Code Comprehension","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901906937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3279720.3279722","mag":"2901906937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3279720.3279722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3279720.3279722","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018344574","display_name":"Roman Bednarik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-3520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roman Bednarik","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038084384","display_name":"Carsten Schulte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3009-4904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carsten Schulte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103940080","display_name":"Lea Budde","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lea Budde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003947063","display_name":"Birte Heinemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7568-0704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Birte Heinemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044981146","display_name":"Hana Vrz\u00e1kov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5624-8588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hana Vrzakova","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018344574"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.124,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95306794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.7611522674560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7302560806274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmer","display_name":"Programmer","score":0.7239015102386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.6624954342842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cued-speech","display_name":"Cued speech","score":0.6573427319526672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-comprehension","display_name":"Program comprehension","score":0.6106557250022888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.5617111921310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5573675036430359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","score":0.5298979878425598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5060774683952332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement","display_name":"Movement (music)","score":0.5017168521881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4939578175544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.4560641050338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.421871155500412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.36629727482795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3141463100910187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.28525471687316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27152758836746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2624862790107727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.7611522674560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7302560806274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.7239015102386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.6624954342842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83195618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q590951","display_name":"Cued speech","level":2,"score":0.6573427319526672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.6106557250022888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.5617111921310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5573675036430359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.5298979878425598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5060774683952332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.5017168521881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4939578175544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.4560641050338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.421871155500412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.36629727482795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3141463100910187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.28525471687316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27152758836746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2624862790107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3279720.3279722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3279720.3279722","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3393227964","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"297964","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1674947250","https://openalex.org/W1964823574","https://openalex.org/W1966036881","https://openalex.org/W1970098188","https://openalex.org/W1973204205","https://openalex.org/W1978051655","https://openalex.org/W2014197700","https://openalex.org/W2016301867","https://openalex.org/W2029752410","https://openalex.org/W2046921744","https://openalex.org/W2049214556","https://openalex.org/W2054572957","https://openalex.org/W2059804788","https://openalex.org/W2064528198","https://openalex.org/W2084034006","https://openalex.org/W2103545980","https://openalex.org/W2119148900","https://openalex.org/W2124548978","https://openalex.org/W2125131765","https://openalex.org/W2128966215","https://openalex.org/W2144727592","https://openalex.org/W2301426373","https://openalex.org/W2513232801","https://openalex.org/W2519222744","https://openalex.org/W2587972759","https://openalex.org/W2745945112","https://openalex.org/W2767220298","https://openalex.org/W2767265322","https://openalex.org/W2783732587","https://openalex.org/W2963446008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2954615856","https://openalex.org/W4389495687","https://openalex.org/W2611067684","https://openalex.org/W2037906140","https://openalex.org/W3091612339","https://openalex.org/W1988021859","https://openalex.org/W2122804569","https://openalex.org/W2031043538","https://openalex.org/W2004832663","https://openalex.org/W1964992931"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Eye-movement":[0],"modeling":[1,109],"examples":[2,110],"(EMME)":[3],"have":[4,22],"previously":[5],"been":[6],"shown":[7],"to":[8,35,85],"impact":[9],"attention":[10,97],"of":[11,17,53,63,66,107],"learners":[12],"in":[13,25,39,78,111],"various":[14],"domains.":[15],"Potentials":[16],"such":[18],"training":[19],"methods,":[20],"however,":[21],"remained":[23],"unexplored":[24],"computer":[26],"programming":[27],"education.":[28,113],"In":[29],"the":[30,86,89,99,105],"current":[31],"study,":[32],"participants":[33,94],"attended":[34],"a":[36,61],"classroom":[37],"experiment":[38],"which":[40],"their":[41,96],"comprehension":[42,55],"strategies":[43,65],"were":[44],"cued":[45],"by":[46,60],"an":[47,67],"educational":[48],"intervention":[49,90],"based":[50],"on":[51],"theories":[52],"program":[54],"(Block":[56],"Model)":[57],"and":[58,76,91],"accompanied":[59],"visualization":[62],"eye-movement":[64,108],"advanced":[68],"programmer.":[69],"EMME-based":[70],"interventions":[71],"affected":[72],"gaze":[73],"following":[74],"slightly,":[75],"resulted":[77],"improved":[79],"problem-solving.":[80],"We":[81],"present":[82],"results":[83],"related":[84],"gaze-behavior":[87],"during":[88],"demonstrate":[92],"how":[93],"overlapped":[95],"with":[98],"expert.":[100],"The":[101],"findings":[102],"inform":[103],"about":[104],"design":[106],"computing":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}