{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903162282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3276980","title":"Optimal Bloom Filters and Adaptive Merging for LSM-Trees","display_name":"Optimal Bloom Filters and Adaptive Merging for LSM-Trees","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903162282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3276980","mag":"2903162282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3276980","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3276980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90119964","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Database Systems","issn_l":"0362-5915","issn":["0362-5915","1557-4644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Database Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003707725","display_name":"Niv Dayan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0314-0167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niv Dayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053040916","display_name":"Manos Athanassoulis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1837-0010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manos Athanassoulis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1837-0010","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026905380","display_name":"Stratos Idreos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8271-9187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stratos Idreos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5819,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97556058,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bloom-filter","display_name":"Bloom filter","score":0.9685764312744141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8261975049972534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.7525753974914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/associative-array","display_name":"Associative array","score":0.6402223110198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trie","display_name":"Trie","score":0.5855435132980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5476781129837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-footprint","display_name":"Memory footprint","score":0.5374643802642822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.48598751425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4748126268386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.47446686029434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-tree","display_name":"Search tree","score":0.42445486783981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3669605255126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3449013829231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-algorithm","display_name":"Search algorithm","score":0.19238799810409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1116357147693634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0917828381061554}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147224247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q885373","display_name":"Bloom filter","level":2,"score":0.9685764312744141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8261975049972534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.7525753974914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168781493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80585","display_name":"Associative array","level":2,"score":0.6402223110198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190290938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387015","display_name":"Trie","level":3,"score":0.5855435132980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5476781129837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74912251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815727","display_name":"Memory footprint","level":2,"score":0.5374643802642822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.48598751425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4748126268386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.47446686029434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207024777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621673","display_name":"Search tree","level":3,"score":0.42445486783981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3669605255126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3449013829231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.19238799810409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1116357147693634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0917828381061554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3276980","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3276980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90119964","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Database Systems","issn_l":"0362-5915","issn":["0362-5915","1557-4644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Database Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1476041289","https://openalex.org/W1504483039","https://openalex.org/W1533567700","https://openalex.org/W1578513732","https://openalex.org/W1739920298","https://openalex.org/W1838765419","https://openalex.org/W1967373117","https://openalex.org/W1981420413","https://openalex.org/W1985229168","https://openalex.org/W2013493775","https://openalex.org/W2019998825","https://openalex.org/W2021060937","https://openalex.org/W2029814178","https://openalex.org/W2035735180","https://openalex.org/W2044188017","https://openalex.org/W2068739275","https://openalex.org/W2074633331","https://openalex.org/W2077850713","https://openalex.org/W2087946700","https://openalex.org/W2088116875","https://openalex.org/W2089527922","https://openalex.org/W2090103608","https://openalex.org/W2090330503","https://openalex.org/W2108824086","https://openalex.org/W2110423232","https://openalex.org/W2116435146","https://openalex.org/W2117098610","https://openalex.org/W2123845384","https://openalex.org/W2133394135","https://openalex.org/W2143705506","https://openalex.org/W2149509741","https://openalex.org/W2152589529","https://openalex.org/W2153704625","https://openalex.org/W2155256331","https://openalex.org/W2158347038","https://openalex.org/W2214884049","https://openalex.org/W2243935923","https://openalex.org/W2259014610","https://openalex.org/W2265297126","https://openalex.org/W2293496475","https://openalex.org/W2343806569","https://openalex.org/W2406996511","https://openalex.org/W2412921294","https://openalex.org/W2435355301","https://openalex.org/W2584004798","https://openalex.org/W2605800201","https://openalex.org/W2615687129","https://openalex.org/W2620824566","https://openalex.org/W2753046585","https://openalex.org/W2764131694","https://openalex.org/W2765113847","https://openalex.org/W2795182149","https://openalex.org/W2798340189","https://openalex.org/W2798441769","https://openalex.org/W2798891709","https://openalex.org/W2887776198","https://openalex.org/W2889258430","https://openalex.org/W2890164255","https://openalex.org/W4249823756","https://openalex.org/W4316652496","https://openalex.org/W6754183483"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075698953","https://openalex.org/W1989507269","https://openalex.org/W2212047860","https://openalex.org/W2277163753","https://openalex.org/W2998324560","https://openalex.org/W2773435329","https://openalex.org/W2323304991","https://openalex.org/W2367011915","https://openalex.org/W2407380583","https://openalex.org/W2030942072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,270],"article,":[2],"we":[3,175,204,208],"show":[4,160,266],"that":[5,49,80,102,130,162,185,217],"key-value":[6,51,78,128,293],"stores":[7,52,129],"backed":[8],"by":[9,190],"a":[10,32,132,214],"log-structured":[11],"merge-tree":[12],"(LSM-tree)":[13],"exhibit":[14],"an":[15,75,179,191],"intrinsic":[16],"tradeoff":[17,38,230],"between":[18,85],"lookup":[19,104,171,188,232],"cost,":[20,22,173,233],"update":[21,234],"and":[23,34,61,90,174,223,236,246,251,255,285],"main":[24,95,237],"memory":[25,96,143,224,260],"footprint,":[26],"yet":[27],"all":[28,120,138],"existing":[29],"designs":[30],"expose":[31],"suboptimal":[33],"difficult":[35],"to":[36,46,108,126,137,144,151,226,268,272,287],"tune":[37],"among":[39,231],"these":[40],"metrics.":[41],"We":[42,72,159,265],"pinpoint":[43],"the":[44,47,55,58,62,68,82,86,109,112,116,123,153,165,169,195,201,210,220,228,241,248,256,289,292],"problem":[45],"fact":[48],"modern":[50],"suboptimally":[53],"co-tune":[54],"merge":[56],"policy,":[57],"buffer":[59],"size,":[60],"Bloom":[63,117,139],"filters\u2019":[64],"false-positive":[65,113,157],"rates":[66,114],"across":[67,119,146],"LSM-tree\u2019s":[69],"different":[70,147],"levels.":[71],"present":[73],"Monkey,":[74],"LSM-tree":[76],"based":[77],"store":[79,294],"strikes":[81],"optimal":[83,296],"balance":[84],"costs":[87],"of":[88,111,115,122,135,155,168,183,244,253,291],"updates":[89],"lookups":[91,245],"with":[92],"any":[93],"given":[94],"budget.":[97],"The":[98],"core":[99],"insight":[100],"is":[101,106],"worst-case":[103,170],"cost":[105,235],"proportional":[107],"sum":[110,154],"filters":[118,145],"levels":[121,148],"LSM-tree.":[124],"Contrary":[125],"state-of-the-art":[127],"assign":[131],"fixed":[133],"number":[134],"bits-per-element":[136],"filters,":[140],"Monkey":[141,163,186],"allocates":[142],"so":[149],"as":[150,194],"minimize":[152],"their":[156],"rates.":[158],"analytically":[161],"reduces":[164,187],"asymptotic":[166],"complexity":[167],"I/O":[172],"verify":[176],"empirically":[177],"using":[178],"implementation":[180],"on":[181,240],"top":[182],"RocksDB":[184],"latency":[189],"increasing":[192],"margin":[193],"data":[196,202],"volume":[197],"grows":[198],"(50--80%":[199],"for":[200,295],"sizes":[203],"experimented":[205],"with).":[206],"Furthermore,":[207],"map":[209],"design":[211,275,290],"space":[212],"onto":[213],"closed-form":[215],"model":[216,271],"enables":[218],"adapting":[219],"merging":[221],"frequency":[222],"allocation":[225],"strike":[227],"best":[229],"memory,":[238],"depending":[239],"workload":[242],"(proportion":[243],"updates),":[247],"dataset":[249],"(number":[250],"size":[252],"entries),":[254],"underlying":[257],"hardware":[258],"(main":[259],"available,":[261],"disk":[262],"vs.":[263],"flash).":[264],"how":[267,278,286],"use":[269],"answer":[273],"what-if":[274],"questions":[276],"about":[277],"changes":[279],"in":[280],"environmental":[281],"parameters":[282],"impact":[283],"performance":[284],"adapt":[288],"performance.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}