{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2931380630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3274666","title":"XOR-Based Low-Cost Reconfigurable PUFs for IoT Security","display_name":"XOR-Based Low-Cost Reconfigurable PUFs for IoT Security","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2931380630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3274666","mag":"2931380630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3274666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3274666","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3274666","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3274666","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023734605","display_name":"Weiqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-8648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603177","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-5532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084545001","display_name":"Zhengran Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3368-5337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengran Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089292929","display_name":"Chongyan Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3028-8004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chongyan Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Secure Information Technologies, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Secure Information Technologies, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055800000","display_name":"Chenghua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8415-0548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenghua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079438004","display_name":"M\u00e1ire O\u05f3Neill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6865-6212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maire O'neill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Secure Information Technologies, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Secure Information Technologies, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001979328","display_name":"Fabrizio Lombardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3152-3245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Lombardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023734605"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":{"value":1781,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1920},"fwci":8.1466,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98164789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7576992511749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-unclonable-function","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","score":0.6929389238357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6619559526443481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6598186492919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.6362747550010681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5216701030731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.49689725041389465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurable-computing","display_name":"Reconfigurable computing","score":0.4864618480205536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xor-gate","display_name":"XOR gate","score":0.4813966751098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.47733527421951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4684595763683319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.41228172183036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.28735482692718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.24590075016021729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.17572516202926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.11715570092201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10728314518928528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09087401628494263}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7576992511749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8643368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4046262","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","level":3,"score":0.6929389238357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6619559526443481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6598186492919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.6362747550010681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5216701030731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.49689725041389465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142962650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240838","display_name":"Reconfigurable computing","level":3,"score":0.4864618480205536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28495749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155516","display_name":"XOR gate","level":3,"score":0.4813966751098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.47733527421951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4684595763683319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.41228172183036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28735482692718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.24590075016021729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.17572516202926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.11715570092201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10728314518928528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09087401628494263}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3274666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3274666","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3274666","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/aafc7f53-c366-4174-aa0f-b63636588aec","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/aafc7f53-c366-4174-aa0f-b63636588aec","pdf_url":"https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/167420868/a25_liu.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Liu , W , Zhang , L , Zhang , Z , Gu , C , Wang , C , O'Neill , M & Lombardi , F 2019 , ' XOR-Based Low-Cost Reconfigurable PUFs for IoT Security ' , ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems , vol. 18 , no. 3 , 25 . https://doi.org/10.1145/3274666 , https://doi.org/10.1145/3274666","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3274666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3274666","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3274666","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1243718259","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XYDXX","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326182","funder_display_name":"Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G152082041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-CSIT2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1634376968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-XYDXX-009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326182","funder_display_name":"Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2064802375","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771239","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2177115845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N508664","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2241406505","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R007187/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3131894466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N508664/-CSIT2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3235093119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XYDXX-009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326182","funder_display_name":"Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3794796724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE2019102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4804264507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N508664","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5445011987","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K004379/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5968712159","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20151477","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6577499357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N508664/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326182","display_name":"Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2931380630.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2931380630.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33713058","https://openalex.org/W86105321","https://openalex.org/W132856916","https://openalex.org/W601439785","https://openalex.org/W1515671919","https://openalex.org/W1531102506","https://openalex.org/W1551669226","https://openalex.org/W1838435525","https://openalex.org/W1995871244","https://openalex.org/W2000171858","https://openalex.org/W2006550815","https://openalex.org/W2011612927","https://openalex.org/W2023883745","https://openalex.org/W2063443456","https://openalex.org/W2072641892","https://openalex.org/W2116374153","https://openalex.org/W2126311411","https://openalex.org/W2128735154","https://openalex.org/W2130351941","https://openalex.org/W2135064681","https://openalex.org/W2147784592","https://openalex.org/W2151759197","https://openalex.org/W2169212403","https://openalex.org/W2252439461","https://openalex.org/W2289458927","https://openalex.org/W2509061923","https://openalex.org/W2609047018","https://openalex.org/W2758731284","https://openalex.org/W2804072465","https://openalex.org/W3157778366","https://openalex.org/W4245207062"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554713511","https://openalex.org/W2128735154","https://openalex.org/W4389544506","https://openalex.org/W2525030438","https://openalex.org/W2581020247","https://openalex.org/W3090320675","https://openalex.org/W4362564225","https://openalex.org/W4285107159","https://openalex.org/W4234974809","https://openalex.org/W3026198779"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,5,23,144,178,183,198,202,213,223,244],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,7,98,182,194,222,226],"Internet":[6,24],"Things":[8],"(IoT),":[9],"security":[10,16,48],"has":[11],"attracted":[12],"considerable":[13],"interest.":[14],"Conventional":[15],"solutions":[17],"that":[18,187,243],"have":[19],"been":[20],"proposed":[21,184,214,245],"for":[22,85,108],"based":[25],"on":[26,151],"classical":[27],"cryptography":[28],"cannot":[29],"be":[30,52],"applied":[31],"to":[32,54,174,236],"IoT":[33,86],"nodes":[34],"as":[35,80],"they":[36,188],"are":[37,141,149,161,189,250],"typically":[38],"resource-constrained.":[39],"A":[40,88],"physical":[41],"unclonable":[42],"function":[43],"(PUF)":[44],"is":[45,78,93,186,201],"a":[46,56,81,105,238],"hardware-based":[47],"primitive":[49],"and":[50,114,132,146,167,171,216,231,247,257],"can":[51],"used":[53],"generate":[55,237],"key":[57],"online":[58],"or":[59],"uniquely":[60],"identify":[61],"an":[62,133],"integrated":[63],"circuit":[64],"(IC)":[65],"by":[66],"extracting":[67],"its":[68],"internal":[69],"random":[70],"differences":[71],"using":[72],"so-called":[73],"challenge-response":[74],"pairs":[75],"(CRPs).":[76],"It":[77],"regarded":[79],"promising":[82],"low-cost":[83],"solution":[84],"security.":[87],"logic":[89],"reconfigurable":[90,126,135,232],"PUF":[91,129,138,165,176,200],"(RPUF)":[92],"highly":[94,190],"efficient":[95,191,204,252],"in":[96,192],"terms":[97,193],"hardware":[99,195,224],"cost.":[100,196],"This":[101,241],"article":[102],"first":[103],"presents":[104],"new":[106],"classification":[107],"RPUFs,":[109],"namely":[110],"circuit-based":[111],"RPUF":[112,116,122],"(C-RPUF)":[113],"algorithm-based":[115],"(A-RPUF);":[117],"two":[118],"Exclusive":[119],"OR":[120],"(XOR)-based":[121],"circuits":[123],"(an":[124],"XOR-based":[125,134],"bistable":[127],"ring":[128,136,229],"(XRBR":[130],"PUF)":[131],"oscillator":[137],"(XRRO":[139],"PUF))":[140],"proposed.":[142],"Both":[143],"XRBR":[145,217,246],"XRRO":[147,199,215,248],"PUFs":[148,218,230,249],"implemented":[150],"Xilinx":[152],"Spartan-6":[153],"field-programmable":[154],"gate":[155],"arrays":[156],"(FPGAs).":[157],"The":[158],"implementation":[159],"results":[160],"compared":[162,207],"with":[163,208,254],"previous":[164,209,227],"designs":[166,185,253],"show":[168],"good":[169,255],"uniqueness":[170,256],"reliability.":[172,258],"Compared":[173],"conventional":[175],"designs,":[177],"most":[179,203],"significant":[180],"advantage":[181],"Moreover,":[197],"design":[205],"when":[206],"RPUFs.":[210],"Also,":[211],"both":[212],"require":[219],"only":[220],"12.5%":[221],"resources":[225],"bitstable":[228],"RO":[233],"PUFs,":[234],"respectively,":[235],"1-bit":[239],"response.":[240],"confirms":[242],"very":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}