{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2898657987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3274318","title":"Do Students' Learning Behaviors Differ when they Collaborate in Open-Ended Learning Environments?","display_name":"Do Students' Learning Behaviors Differ when they Collaborate in Open-Ended Learning Environments?","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2898657987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3274318","mag":"2898657987"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3274318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3274318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005499771","display_name":"Mona Emara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9277-7073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169744251","display_name":"Damanhour University","ror":"https://ror.org/03svthf85","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169744251"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mona Emara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169744251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022686050","display_name":"Ramkumar Rajendran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0411-1782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramkumar Rajendran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051150754","display_name":"Gautam Biswas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2752-3878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gautam Biswas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057801131","display_name":"Mahmod Okasha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169744251","display_name":"Damanhour University","ror":"https://ror.org/03svthf85","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169744251"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmod Okasha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169744251"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027258188","display_name":"Adel Alsaeid Elbanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6501-4081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169744251","display_name":"Damanhour University","ror":"https://ror.org/03svthf85","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169744251"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel Alsaeid Elbanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169744251"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005499771"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169744251"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9176,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86329543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"CSCW","first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.5724312663078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-learning","display_name":"Collaborative learning","score":0.5690158009529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperative-learning","display_name":"Cooperative learning","score":0.5671339631080627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5667340755462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5257678627967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","score":0.513666570186615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.4950670301914215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.41675031185150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3881903290748596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-method","display_name":"Teaching method","score":0.30028069019317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11167287826538086}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.5724312663078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138020889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349659","display_name":"Collaborative learning","level":2,"score":0.5690158009529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51672120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303446","display_name":"Cooperative learning","level":3,"score":0.5671339631080627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5667340755462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5257678627967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.513666570186615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4950670301914215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41675031185150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3881903290748596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.30028069019317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11167287826538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3274318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3274318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52141092","https://openalex.org/W81063871","https://openalex.org/W911781134","https://openalex.org/W940491163","https://openalex.org/W1489142649","https://openalex.org/W1541509707","https://openalex.org/W1551289443","https://openalex.org/W1553185521","https://openalex.org/W1584316560","https://openalex.org/W1659668238","https://openalex.org/W1792756357","https://openalex.org/W1983294274","https://openalex.org/W1985545720","https://openalex.org/W1987082975","https://openalex.org/W2027522706","https://openalex.org/W2029807209","https://openalex.org/W2033911879","https://openalex.org/W2035061933","https://openalex.org/W2035955150","https://openalex.org/W2040377914","https://openalex.org/W2053976921","https://openalex.org/W2062989416","https://openalex.org/W2086024441","https://openalex.org/W2106672920","https://openalex.org/W2122575992","https://openalex.org/W2138170171","https://openalex.org/W2139471083","https://openalex.org/W2342420110","https://openalex.org/W2342734615","https://openalex.org/W2487824393","https://openalex.org/W2518427401","https://openalex.org/W2578082513","https://openalex.org/W2590161963","https://openalex.org/W2613930853","https://openalex.org/W2784362186","https://openalex.org/W2810423422","https://openalex.org/W2831335107","https://openalex.org/W2869536260","https://openalex.org/W2978690157","https://openalex.org/W3007838469","https://openalex.org/W3014588355","https://openalex.org/W3164878770","https://openalex.org/W4245652239","https://openalex.org/W4251742697","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301466319"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2740949427","https://openalex.org/W2466909816","https://openalex.org/W3040594318","https://openalex.org/W2739584557","https://openalex.org/W2993407327","https://openalex.org/W3084279499","https://openalex.org/W3137277498","https://openalex.org/W2738303290","https://openalex.org/W2994076959","https://openalex.org/W3139509299"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Researchers":[0],"have":[1],"long":[2],"recognized":[3],"the":[4,66,88,94,113,124,147,167,171,178,190],"importance":[5],"of":[6,25,96],"using":[7],"technology":[8],"to":[9,56,156],"support":[10],"students'":[11],"collaboration":[12],"in":[13,27,44,47,73,87,110,123,146,161,166],"learning":[14,42,67,77,144,168],"and":[15,29,33,65,112,136],"problem":[16],"solving":[17],"tasks.":[18],"Recently,":[19],"there":[20],"has":[21],"been":[22],"a":[23,58,76,84,97],"lot":[24],"research":[26],"capturing":[28],"characterizing":[30],"student":[31],"discourse":[32],"how":[34,62],"they":[35,40,69],"regulate":[36],"each":[37],"other":[38,114],"when":[39,71],"perform":[41],"tasks":[43],"pairs":[45,74,111],"or":[46],"small":[48],"groups.":[49,173],"In":[50],"this":[51],"paper,":[52],"our":[53],"goal":[54],"is":[55],"dive":[57],"little":[59],"deeper":[60],"into":[61,104],"students":[63,101,122,191],"collaborate,":[64],"behaviors":[68,169],"exhibit":[70],"working":[72,134],"on":[75],"by":[78],"modeling":[79],"task,":[80],"while":[81],"also":[82],"teaching":[83],"virtual":[85],"agent":[86],"Betty's":[89],"Brain":[90],"system.":[91],"We":[92],"report":[93],"results":[95,119,140],"quasi-experimental":[98],"study,":[99],"where":[100],"were":[102,181],"divided":[103],"two":[105,172],"groups:":[106],"one":[107],"group":[108,115,126],"worked":[109,116,193],"individually.":[117,194],"The":[118,174],"illustrate":[120],"that":[121,177],"collaborative":[125,179],"built":[127],"more":[128],"correct":[129],"causal":[130,187],"maps":[131,188],"than":[132,189],"those":[133],"individually,":[135],"their":[137,157,185],"pre-post":[138],"test":[139],"show":[141],"significantly":[142],"higher":[143],"gains":[145],"science":[148],"content.":[149],"A":[150],"differential":[151],"sequence":[152],"mining":[153],"algorithm":[154],"applied":[155],"action":[158],"sequences":[159],"captured":[160],"log":[162],"files":[163],"showed":[164],"differences":[165,175],"between":[170],"imply":[176],"groups":[180],"better":[182],"at":[183],"debugging":[184],"evolving":[186],"who":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T09:09:15.849793","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}