{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2951412969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3269978","title":"Blockwise Multi-Order Feature Regression for Real-Time Path-Tracing Reconstruction","display_name":"Blockwise Multi-Order Feature Regression for Real-Time Path-Tracing Reconstruction","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2951412969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3269978","mag":"2951412969"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3269978","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3269978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088868532","display_name":"Matias Koskela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5839-7640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matias Koskela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053054518","display_name":"Kalle Immonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-7530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalle Immonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014056494","display_name":"Markku M\u00e4kitalo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-0031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markku M\u00e4kitalo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063956725","display_name":"Alessandro Foi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8228-3187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Foi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082235051","display_name":"Timo Viitanen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1082-9587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Viitanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050272735","display_name":"Pekka J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5707-8544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pekka J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083601388","display_name":"Heikki Kultala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1845-2924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heikki Kultala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070892606","display_name":"Jarmo Takala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-1010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jarmo Takala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088868532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3488,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91110162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7682960033416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.7648748159408569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-tracing","display_name":"Path tracing","score":0.6255911588668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.5106690526008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4901367127895355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4390050172805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.42171812057495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.4214446246623993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41481783986091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.411390483379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3241927921772003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14564740657806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07744923233985901}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7682960033416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.7648748159408569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110541219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72948","display_name":"Path tracing","level":3,"score":0.6255911588668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.5106690526008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4901367127895355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4390050172805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42171812057495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.4214446246623993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41481783986091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.411390483379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3241927921772003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14564740657806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07744923233985901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3269978","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3269978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/215109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/215109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055260","display_name":"Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G130519551","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"40142/14","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328501","funder_display_name":"Business Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5600352705","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"297548, 310411","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322426","display_name":"Nokia Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0401nzk46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322861","display_name":"Emil Aaltosen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","ror":"https://ror.org/005rt3g54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323337","display_name":"Tekniikan Edist\u00e4miss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","ror":"https://ror.org/03f420b93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323641","display_name":"Vedeck\u00e1 Grantov\u00e1 Agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR a SAV","ror":"https://ror.org/044gwpv05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328501","display_name":"Business Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05bgf9v38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174441044","https://openalex.org/W1564611446","https://openalex.org/W1677149932","https://openalex.org/W1966251606","https://openalex.org/W1971958581","https://openalex.org/W2001662666","https://openalex.org/W2011793254","https://openalex.org/W2020681231","https://openalex.org/W2030089573","https://openalex.org/W2036532817","https://openalex.org/W2050513283","https://openalex.org/W2065460909","https://openalex.org/W2069876656","https://openalex.org/W2074163268","https://openalex.org/W2082211440","https://openalex.org/W2090346540","https://openalex.org/W2096500711","https://openalex.org/W2099244020","https://openalex.org/W2102592717","https://openalex.org/W2102727143","https://openalex.org/W2125188192","https://openalex.org/W2125561951","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2150868589","https://openalex.org/W2163143265","https://openalex.org/W2207744012","https://openalex.org/W2261707685","https://openalex.org/W2294432800","https://openalex.org/W2296530527","https://openalex.org/W2466064361","https://openalex.org/W2505636029","https://openalex.org/W2598138006","https://openalex.org/W2737368828","https://openalex.org/W2738449271","https://openalex.org/W2739118770","https://openalex.org/W2739234443","https://openalex.org/W2793682866","https://openalex.org/W2888636902","https://openalex.org/W2894656633"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902083801","https://openalex.org/W4300010773","https://openalex.org/W2950602979","https://openalex.org/W4385284185","https://openalex.org/W4361200097","https://openalex.org/W4321765543","https://openalex.org/W4376115546","https://openalex.org/W2123398485","https://openalex.org/W3193936330","https://openalex.org/W4321021453"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Path":[0],"tracing":[1],"produces":[2],"realistic":[3],"results":[4],"including":[5],"global":[6],"illumination":[7],"using":[8,126],"a":[9,89,117],"unified":[10],"simple":[11],"rendering":[12,64,77],"pipeline.":[13,65],"Reducing":[14],"the":[15,63,141],"amount":[16],"of":[17,26,120],"noise":[18,68],"to":[19,37,79,129],"imperceptible":[20],"levels":[21],"without":[22],"post-processing":[23,51],"requires":[24],"thousands":[25],"samples":[27],"per":[28],"pixel":[29],"(spp),":[30],"while":[31,148],"currently":[32],"it":[33],"is":[34,114,137],"only":[35,72],"possible":[36],"render":[38],"extremely":[39],"noisy":[40],"1":[41,103],"spp":[42,104],"frames":[43],"in":[44,62,75,108],"real":[45,109],"time":[46],"with":[47,116],"desktop":[48],"GPUs.":[49],"However,":[50],"can":[52],"utilize":[53],"feature":[54,132],"buffers,":[55],"which":[56],"contain":[57],"noise-free":[58],"auxiliary":[59],"data":[60],"available":[61],"Previously,":[66],"regression-based":[67,91],"filtering":[69],"methods":[70],"have":[71],"been":[73],"used":[74],"offline":[76],"due":[78],"their":[80],"high":[81,112],"computational":[82],"cost.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85],"article":[86],"we":[87],"propose":[88],"novel":[90],"reconstruction":[92,146],"pipeline,":[93],"called":[94],"Blockwise":[95],"Multi-Order":[96],"Feature":[97],"Regression":[98],"(BMFR),":[99],"tailored":[100],"for":[101],"path-traced":[102],"inputs":[105],"that":[106],"runs":[107],"time.":[110],"The":[111,134],"speed":[113],"achieved":[115],"fast":[118],"implementation":[119],"augmented":[121],"QR":[122],"factorization":[123],"and":[124],"by":[125],"stochastic":[127],"regularization":[128],"address":[130],"rank-deficient":[131],"data.":[133],"proposed":[135],"algorithm":[136],"1.8\u00d7":[138],"faster":[139],"than":[140],"previous":[142],"state-of-the-art":[143],"real-time":[144],"path-tracing":[145],"method":[147],"producing":[149],"better":[150],"quality":[151],"frame":[152],"sequences.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T13:50:29.536080","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}