{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901460258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3267851.3267855","title":"Effects of Perceived Agency and Message Tone in Responding to a Virtual Personal Trainer","display_name":"Effects of Perceived Agency and Message Tone in Responding to a Virtual Personal Trainer","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901460258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3267851.3267855","mag":"2901460258"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3267851.3267855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3267851.3267855","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084733331","display_name":"Gale Lucas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-9283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087747","display_name":"Creative Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/001qkb777","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482679","display_name":"USC Institute for Creative Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/03hjhvn29","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gale M. Lucas","raw_affiliation_strings":["USC Institute for Creative Technologies, Los Angeles, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USC Institute for Creative Technologies, Los Angeles, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081823682","display_name":"Nicole C. Kr\u00e4mer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7535-870X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicole Kr\u00e4mer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064068853","display_name":"Clara Peters","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clara Peters","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057543169","display_name":"Lisa-Sophie Taesch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa-Sophie Taesch","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050095869","display_name":"Johnathan Mell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-1671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482679","display_name":"USC Institute for Creative Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/03hjhvn29","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087747","display_name":"Creative Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/001qkb777","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johnathan Mell","raw_affiliation_strings":["USC Institute for Creative Technologies, Los Angeles, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USC Institute for Creative Technologies, Los Angeles, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051992568","display_name":"Jonathan Gratch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-809X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087747","display_name":"Creative Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/001qkb777","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482679","display_name":"USC Institute for Creative Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/03hjhvn29","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Gratch","raw_affiliation_strings":["USC Institute for Creative Technologies, Los Angeles, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USC Institute for Creative Technologies, Los Angeles, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084733331"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2652,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81272626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"247","last_page":"254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.9650999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12521","display_name":"Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion","score":0.9577000141143799,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trainer","display_name":"Trainer","score":0.8837029337882996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avatar","display_name":"Avatar","score":0.8413300514221191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tone","display_name":"Tone (literature)","score":0.6336464881896973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","score":0.5953050851821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5902923941612244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.561053454875946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sense-of-agency","display_name":"Sense of agency","score":0.4734986424446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sense-of-presence","display_name":"Sense of presence","score":0.4721187353134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4370441138744354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.4335027039051056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.4050377607345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28746339678764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.2600254416465759}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780463512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15122700","display_name":"Trainer","level":2,"score":0.8837029337882996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777365542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83090","display_name":"Avatar","level":2,"score":0.8413300514221191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.6336464881896973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5953050851821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5902923941612244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.561053454875946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141633740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7450996","display_name":"Sense of agency","level":2,"score":0.4734986424446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987143623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5643204","display_name":"Sense of presence","level":3,"score":0.4721187353134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4370441138744354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4335027039051056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.4050377607345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28746339678764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2600254416465759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3267851.3267855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3267851.3267855","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","ror":"https://ror.org/039djdh30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325052","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W205781609","https://openalex.org/W1489323111","https://openalex.org/W1492677017","https://openalex.org/W1499619418","https://openalex.org/W1566440928","https://openalex.org/W1804880376","https://openalex.org/W1841352775","https://openalex.org/W1963867024","https://openalex.org/W1975990150","https://openalex.org/W1990814465","https://openalex.org/W2001177053","https://openalex.org/W2012861762","https://openalex.org/W2066066736","https://openalex.org/W2094409166","https://openalex.org/W2096796997","https://openalex.org/W2099386544","https://openalex.org/W2103013187","https://openalex.org/W2117442693","https://openalex.org/W2132619666","https://openalex.org/W2135966470","https://openalex.org/W2142824220","https://openalex.org/W2149595999","https://openalex.org/W2151363564","https://openalex.org/W2155087309","https://openalex.org/W2181164973","https://openalex.org/W2207601665","https://openalex.org/W2210814030","https://openalex.org/W2218293344","https://openalex.org/W2297265283","https://openalex.org/W2334541153","https://openalex.org/W2413689060","https://openalex.org/W2416323622","https://openalex.org/W2508145593","https://openalex.org/W2526541248","https://openalex.org/W2538419018","https://openalex.org/W2617433625","https://openalex.org/W2748740897","https://openalex.org/W2790596369","https://openalex.org/W2810620218","https://openalex.org/W2911825241","https://openalex.org/W4239763334","https://openalex.org/W6629091712","https://openalex.org/W6752786056"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3033305029","https://openalex.org/W3087709852","https://openalex.org/W4312597005","https://openalex.org/W3140921983","https://openalex.org/W4236462426","https://openalex.org/W4302760557","https://openalex.org/W2604618074","https://openalex.org/W4287981381","https://openalex.org/W2791584413","https://openalex.org/W4251504156"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"has":[1],"demonstrated":[2],"promising":[3],"benefits":[4],"of":[5,19,25,34,49,165],"applying":[6],"virtual":[7,20,51,78],"trainers":[8,30,183,211],"to":[9,29,63,82,149],"promote":[10],"physical":[11,203],"fitness.":[12],"The":[13],"current":[14],"study":[15],"investigated":[16],"the":[17,23,44,47,50,56,93,111,124,150,157,162,213],"value":[18],"agents":[21],"in":[22,178,197,201],"context":[24],"personal":[26],"fitness,":[27],"compared":[28,148],"with":[31,156,182],"greater":[32],"levels":[33],"perceived":[35],"agency":[36,144],"(avatar":[37],"or":[38,71,87,90,126,161],"live":[39,112,158],"human).":[40],"We":[41,219],"also":[42,145,169],"explored":[43],"possibility":[45],"that":[46,184,191],"effectiveness":[48],"trainer":[52,114,160,166],"might":[53],"depend":[54],"on":[55],"affective":[57,217],"tone":[58],"it":[59],"uses":[60],"when":[61,123,137,210],"trying":[62],"motivate":[64],"users.":[65],"Accordingly,":[66],"participants":[67,132],"received":[68,92],"either":[69,84],"positively":[70,140,186],"negatively":[72,117,129,193,215],"valenced":[73,118,130,141,187,194,216],"motivational":[74],"messages":[75,94,119,188],"from":[76,95],"a":[77,96],"human":[79,97,113,159],"they":[80,91,138,168,176,199],"believed":[81],"be":[83],"an":[85,88],"agent":[86,125],"avatar,":[89],"instructor":[98],"via":[99],"skype.":[100],"Both":[101],"self-report":[102],"and":[103,174],"physiological":[104],"data":[105],"were":[106,120],"collected.":[107],"Like":[108],"in-person":[109],"coaches,":[110],"who":[115],"used":[116,128,139,185,192],"well-regarded;":[121],"however,":[122],"avatar":[127],"messages,":[131],"responded":[133],"more":[134,154,171,179,202,214],"poorly":[135],"than":[136,189],"ones.":[142,195],"Perceived":[143],"affected":[146],"rapport:":[147],"agent,":[151],"users":[152],"felt":[153,170],"rapport":[155,172],"avatar.":[163],"Regardless":[164],"type,":[167],"-":[173,181],"said":[175],"put":[177,200],"effort":[180,204],"those":[190],"However,":[196],"reality,":[198],"(as":[205],"measured":[206],"by":[207],"heart":[208],"rate)":[209],"employed":[212],"tone.":[218],"discuss":[220],"implications":[221],"for":[222],"human--computer":[223],"interaction.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}