{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2900510493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3267851.3267852","title":"Accuracy of Perceiving Precisely Gazing Virtual Agents","display_name":"Accuracy of Perceiving Precisely Gazing Virtual Agents","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2900510493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3267851.3267852","mag":"2900510493"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3267851.3267852","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3267851.3267852","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034709910","display_name":"Sebastian Loth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3580-8099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Loth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social Cognitive Systems, CITEC, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Cognitive Systems, CITEC, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079421791","display_name":"Gernot Horstmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-414X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gernot Horstmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurocognitive Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurocognitive Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047456255","display_name":"Corinnna Osterbrink","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Corinnna Osterbrink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social Cognitive Systems, CITEC, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Cognitive Systems, CITEC, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043486945","display_name":"Stefan Kopp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-9277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Kopp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social Cognitive Systems, CITEC, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Cognitive Systems, CITEC, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034709910"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3806,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63261498,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"263","last_page":"268"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.8938838243484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6017601490020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5481817722320557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5314684510231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47156259417533875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.46469777822494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.456958532333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-perception","display_name":"Visual perception","score":0.4293137192726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/table","display_name":"Table (database)","score":0.4161113202571869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3356553316116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15801772475242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.07265853881835938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.8938838243484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6017601490020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5481817722320557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5314684510231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47156259417533875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.46469777822494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.456958532333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.4293137192726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.4161113202571869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3356553316116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15801772475242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.07265853881835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3267851.3267852","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3267851.3267852","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.uni-bielefeld.de:2932219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2932219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401624","display_name":"Publikationen an der Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld (Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Loth S, Horstmann G, Osterbrink C, Kopp S. Accuracy of Perceiving Precisely Gazing Virtual Agents. In:  &lt;em&gt;Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents&lt;/em&gt;. New York, NY, USA: ACM;  2018: 263-268.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323389","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496918241","https://openalex.org/W1501420047","https://openalex.org/W1938008383","https://openalex.org/W1965742770","https://openalex.org/W1965969092","https://openalex.org/W2012804445","https://openalex.org/W2023842294","https://openalex.org/W2033999619","https://openalex.org/W2070645165","https://openalex.org/W2082497908","https://openalex.org/W2087449002","https://openalex.org/W2098540281","https://openalex.org/W2116087590","https://openalex.org/W2144492695","https://openalex.org/W2149395978","https://openalex.org/W2341733275","https://openalex.org/W2607971096","https://openalex.org/W2617211984","https://openalex.org/W2758143137","https://openalex.org/W2767243588","https://openalex.org/W2791666728","https://openalex.org/W4247031727","https://openalex.org/W4253385028"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1897960459","https://openalex.org/W2002567531","https://openalex.org/W243736014","https://openalex.org/W2033349420","https://openalex.org/W4318185075","https://openalex.org/W2964529313","https://openalex.org/W1974005862","https://openalex.org/W2137629594","https://openalex.org/W2984197669","https://openalex.org/W2364416416"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Eye":[0],"gaze":[1,33,81,133,141],"of":[2,32],"is":[3],"an":[4],"informative":[5],"social":[6],"signal":[7],"in":[8,130],"interactions":[9],"with":[10,15,117],"other":[11],"humans":[12],"and":[13,64,74,98,113,135,140],"also":[14],"virtual":[16],"agents":[17],"(VA).":[18],"But":[19],"for":[20,77],"a":[21,42,45,52],"successful":[22],"communication,":[23],"users":[24],"have":[25],"to":[26,41],"accurately":[27],"perceive":[28],"the":[29,55,60,70,87,106,118],"VA's":[30,107],"point":[31],"(POG).":[34],"In":[35],"our":[36],"study,":[37],"participants":[38,66,100,122],"sitting":[39],"opposite":[40],"VA":[43,88],"at":[44],"table":[46,56],"indicated":[47],"its":[48],"POG":[49],"by":[50],"positioning":[51],"token":[53],"on":[54],"surface.":[57],"We":[58,83],"measured":[59],"perceptual":[61,90],"accuracy":[62],"within":[63,97],"between":[65,99],"as":[67,69],"well":[68],"participants'":[71],"response":[72,136],"times":[73,137],"eye":[75],"movements":[76],"five":[78],"horizontally":[79],"aligned":[80],"targets.":[82,142],"demonstrated":[84],"that":[85],"perceiving":[86],"met":[89],"benchmarks":[91],"from":[92],"human":[93],"lookers:":[94],"a)":[95],"variances":[96,115],"were":[101,128],"only":[102],"slightly":[103],"larger,":[104],"b)":[105],"visual":[108,119],"angle":[109],"was":[110],"linearly":[111],"overestimated,":[112],"c)":[114],"increased":[116],"angle.":[120],"Finally,":[121],"showed":[123],"large":[124],"individual":[125],"differences":[126],"but":[127],"consistent":[129],"their":[131],"own":[132],"behaviour":[134],"across":[138],"trials":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
