{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2895909303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3266444.3266452","title":"Behavioral Fingerprinting of IoT Devices","display_name":"Behavioral Fingerprinting of IoT Devices","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2895909303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3266444.3266452","mag":"2895909303"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3266444.3266452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3266444.3266452","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Workshop on Attacks and Solutions in Hardware Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026447333","display_name":"Bruhadeshwar Bezawada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1021-8121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruhadeshwar Bezawada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085593485","display_name":"Maalvika Bachani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maalvika Bachani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081341597","display_name":"Jordan Peterson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordan Peterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066361870","display_name":"Hossein Shirazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3326-8527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Shirazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008904412","display_name":"Indrakshi Ray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0714-7676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Indrakshi Ray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102938076","display_name":"Indrajit Ray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-7738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Indrajit Ray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.489,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":196,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98644984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"41","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8202946186065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6906057596206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6816760897636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6199311017990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5890384912490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5137978196144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.510349452495575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.47836607694625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.4730992317199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.41301167011260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-protocol","display_name":"Authentication protocol","score":0.4123392701148987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.39228886365890503}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8202946186065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6906057596206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6816760897636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6199311017990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5890384912490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5137978196144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.510349452495575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.47836607694625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.4730992317199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.41301167011260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.4123392701148987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39228886365890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3266444.3266452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3266444.3266452","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Workshop on Attacks and Solutions in Hardware Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2283761334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-NE0008571","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337674","funder_display_name":"Wind Energy Technologies Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5211709974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS 1650573","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337674","display_name":"Wind Energy Technologies Office","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555085660","https://openalex.org/W1586405805","https://openalex.org/W1587157779","https://openalex.org/W1978973474","https://openalex.org/W2017840895","https://openalex.org/W2065085533","https://openalex.org/W2070493638","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2101449154","https://openalex.org/W2104599106","https://openalex.org/W2108263314","https://openalex.org/W2122237830","https://openalex.org/W2144411949","https://openalex.org/W2151043249","https://openalex.org/W2155268652","https://openalex.org/W2155886813","https://openalex.org/W2156636826","https://openalex.org/W2165572597","https://openalex.org/W2169177434","https://openalex.org/W2294481702","https://openalex.org/W2503791111","https://openalex.org/W2578943040","https://openalex.org/W2582406697","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W3161646373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3104966193","https://openalex.org/W2034419863","https://openalex.org/W2296396257","https://openalex.org/W3007106793","https://openalex.org/W2289378658","https://openalex.org/W2132505069","https://openalex.org/W1531360494","https://openalex.org/W2054202867","https://openalex.org/W2093529019","https://openalex.org/W1965515427"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,61],"Internet-of-Things":[1],"(IoT)":[2],"has":[3],"brought":[4],"in":[5,8],"new":[6],"challenges":[7],"device":[9,13,19,64,88,109,119,122,186],"identification":[10,65,165],"--what":[11],"the":[12,18,20,27,39,68,83,130,134],"is,":[14,66],"and":[15,169],"authentication":[16,28,56],"--is":[17],"one":[21],"it":[22],"claims":[23],"to":[24,48,93,106,116,140,150],"be.":[25],"Traditionally,":[26],"problem":[29,62],"is":[30,79,124],"solved":[31],"by":[32],"means":[33],"of":[34,42,63,133,167,173],"a":[35,104,142,164,170],"cryptographic":[36,43],"protocol.":[37],"However,":[38],"computational":[40],"complexity":[41],"protocols":[44,57],"and/or":[45],"problems":[46,97],"related":[47],"key":[49],"management,":[50],"render":[51],"almost":[52],"all":[53,176],"cryptography":[54],"based":[55],"impractical":[58],"for":[59,184],"IoT.":[60],"on":[67],"other":[69],"hand,":[70],"sadly":[71],"neglected.":[72],"Almost":[73],"always":[74],"an":[75],"artificially":[76],"created":[77],"identity":[78],"softly":[80],"associated":[81],"with":[82],"device.":[84,135],"We":[85,154],"believe":[86],"that":[87,112,146],"fingerprinting":[89,111,185],"can":[90,113,147],"be":[91,114,148],"used":[92,139,149],"solve":[94],"both":[95],"these":[96],"effectively.":[98],"In":[99],"this":[100],"work,":[101],"we":[102,162,180],"present":[103],"methodology":[105],"perform":[107],"IoT":[108],"behavioral":[110],"employed":[115],"undertake":[117],"strong":[118],"identification.":[120],"A":[121],"behavior":[123],"approximated":[125],"using":[126,158],"features":[127,137],"extracted":[128],"from":[129],"network":[131],"traffic":[132],"These":[136],"are":[138],"train":[141],"machine":[143],"learning":[144],"model":[145],"detect":[151],"similar":[152,193],"device-types.":[153],"validate":[155],"our":[156,177],"approach":[157],"five-fold":[159],"cross":[160],"validation;":[161],"report":[163],"rate":[166],"93-100":[168],"mean":[171],"accuracy":[172],"99%,":[174],"across":[175],"experiments.":[178],"Furthermore,":[179],"show":[181],"preliminary":[182],"results":[183],"categories,":[187],"i.e.,":[188],"identifying":[189],"different":[190],"devices":[191],"having":[192],"functionality.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}