{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2905059955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3264659","title":"DFR","display_name":"DFR","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2905059955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3264659","mag":"2905059955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3264659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3264659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96198239","display_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","issn_l":"1550-4832","issn":["1550-4832","1550-4840"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082108426","display_name":"Kangjun Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4437-0006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kangjun Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018632091","display_name":"Yang Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1354-0204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1354-0204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082108426"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0452,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93308433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6942541003227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.6640145778656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6155029535293579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reservoir-computing","display_name":"Reservoir computing","score":0.6042087078094482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5328080654144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41316288709640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.40848416090011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3488437533378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2223602533340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.15917068719863892}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6942541003227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.6640145778656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6155029535293579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135796866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315328","display_name":"Reservoir computing","level":4,"score":0.6042087078094482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5328080654144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41316288709640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.40848416090011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3488437533378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2223602533340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.15917068719863892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3264659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3264659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96198239","display_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","issn_l":"1550-4832","issn":["1550-4832","1550-4840"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7590284706","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. FA8750-16-2-0120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12277440","https://openalex.org/W131743439","https://openalex.org/W629618056","https://openalex.org/W949862116","https://openalex.org/W1485861440","https://openalex.org/W1488737327","https://openalex.org/W1552317631","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1805003880","https://openalex.org/W1968541783","https://openalex.org/W1971066582","https://openalex.org/W1972425002","https://openalex.org/W1977664984","https://openalex.org/W1978718464","https://openalex.org/W1978845507","https://openalex.org/W1984516841","https://openalex.org/W1988878611","https://openalex.org/W2002011878","https://openalex.org/W2005233533","https://openalex.org/W2021605379","https://openalex.org/W2022248835","https://openalex.org/W2036451492","https://openalex.org/W2036761129","https://openalex.org/W2044137541","https://openalex.org/W2045524824","https://openalex.org/W2049273606","https://openalex.org/W2054217036","https://openalex.org/W2062008996","https://openalex.org/W2063695057","https://openalex.org/W2068777106","https://openalex.org/W2076015009","https://openalex.org/W2080718748","https://openalex.org/W2081696035","https://openalex.org/W2096837006","https://openalex.org/W2103179919","https://openalex.org/W2118706537","https://openalex.org/W2120557145","https://openalex.org/W2127141656","https://openalex.org/W2132563832","https://openalex.org/W2134603460","https://openalex.org/W2138913040","https://openalex.org/W2147652176","https://openalex.org/W2148987260","https://openalex.org/W2159682675","https://openalex.org/W2163062501","https://openalex.org/W2163630896","https://openalex.org/W2183631084","https://openalex.org/W2210385882","https://openalex.org/W2250111889","https://openalex.org/W2272769310","https://openalex.org/W2284351912","https://openalex.org/W2293183352","https://openalex.org/W2342641844","https://openalex.org/W2399958287","https://openalex.org/W2400507664","https://openalex.org/W2409640602","https://openalex.org/W2490745601","https://openalex.org/W2508829650","https://openalex.org/W2513234439","https://openalex.org/W2522184285","https://openalex.org/W2581161559","https://openalex.org/W2605147097","https://openalex.org/W2608091720","https://openalex.org/W2735225686","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2802870746","https://openalex.org/W2808865258","https://openalex.org/W3101465594","https://openalex.org/W3155801056"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2986579802","https://openalex.org/W4311297078","https://openalex.org/W4288255232","https://openalex.org/W2126679727","https://openalex.org/W4296467202","https://openalex.org/W3004665557","https://openalex.org/W2048582679","https://openalex.org/W2782226720","https://openalex.org/W2154044472","https://openalex.org/W4210772589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neuromorphic":[0],"computing,":[1,29],"which":[2,73],"is":[3,10,74,137],"built":[4,75],"on":[5,25,35,150],"a":[6,77,81,86,106,147],"brain-inspired":[7],"silicon":[8],"chip,":[9],"uniquely":[11],"applied":[12],"to":[13,155],"keep":[14],"pace":[15],"with":[16,40,98],"the":[17,36,53,103,119,126,140,151,162,170,178],"explosive":[18],"escalation":[19],"of":[20,164,177],"algorithms":[21],"and":[22,62,85,123,145],"data":[23],"density":[24],"machine":[26],"learning.":[27],"Reservoir":[28],"an":[30,47,64],"emerging":[31],"computing":[32,71,143,158,180],"paradigm":[33],"based":[34],"recurrent":[37],"neural":[38],"network":[39],"proven":[41],"benefits":[42],"across":[43],"multifaceted":[44],"applications,":[45],"offers":[46],"alternative":[48],"training":[49],"mechanism":[50],"only":[51],"at":[52],"readout":[54],"stage.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"work,":[58],"we":[59],"successfully":[60],"design":[61],"fabricate":[63],"energy-efficient":[65],"analog":[66,172],"delayed":[67,88],"feedback":[68,89],"reservoir":[69],"(DFR)":[70],"system,":[72,144],"upon":[76],"temporal":[78],"encoding":[79],"scheme,":[80],"nonlinear":[82],"transfer":[83],"function,":[84],"dynamic":[87,100],"loop.":[90],"Measurement":[91],"results":[92],"demonstrate":[93],"its":[94],"high":[95],"energy":[96],"efficiency":[97],"rich":[99],"behaviors,":[101],"making":[102],"designed":[104],"system":[105,114,159],"candidate":[107],"for":[108],"low":[109],"power":[110],"embedded":[111],"applications.":[112],"The":[113,130],"performance,":[115],"as":[116,118],"well":[117],"robustness,":[120],"are":[121],"studied":[122],"analyzed":[124],"through":[125,139],"Monte":[127],"Carlo":[128],"simulation.":[129],"chaotic":[131],"time":[132],"series":[133],"prediction":[134],"benchmark,":[135],"NARMA10,":[136],"examined":[138],"proposed":[141],"DFR":[142,157,179],"exhibits":[146],"36%\u221285%":[148],"reduction":[149],"error":[152],"rate":[153],"compared":[154],"state-of-the-art":[156],"designs.":[160],"To":[161],"best":[163],"our":[165,167],"knowledge,":[166],"work":[168],"represents":[169],"first":[171],"integrated":[173],"circuit":[174],"(IC)":[175],"implementation":[176],"system.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2018-12-22T00:00:00"}