{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901559596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3243734.3278512","title":"Knowledge Seeking on The Shadow Brokers","display_name":"Knowledge Seeking on The Shadow Brokers","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901559596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3243734.3278512","mag":"2901559596"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3243734.3278512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3243734.3278512","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020454074","display_name":"Seung Ho Na","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0908-1233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung Ho Na","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053304614","display_name":"Kwanwoo Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwanwoo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084473174","display_name":"Seungwon Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1077-5606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungwon Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1664608,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2249","last_page":"2251"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hacker","display_name":"Hacker","score":0.7001094818115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.6936109662055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.6631940603256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6256827116012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.5595157146453857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.5470796227455139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-page","display_name":"Web page","score":0.49311015009880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unique-identifier","display_name":"Unique identifier","score":0.48325663805007935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4715103209018707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.42405208945274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybercrime","display_name":"Cybercrime","score":0.4139048457145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3220556378364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.22125732898712158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.11850342154502869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08605673909187317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86844869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798820","display_name":"Hacker","level":2,"score":0.7001094818115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.6936109662055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.6631940603256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6256827116012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5595157146453857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5470796227455139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.49311015009880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119839945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6545185","display_name":"Unique identifier","level":3,"score":0.48325663805007935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4715103209018707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.42405208945274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779390178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29137","display_name":"Cybercrime","level":3,"score":0.4139048457145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3220556378364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.22125732898712158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.11850342154502869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08605673909187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3243734.3278512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3243734.3278512","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4248175462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362572734","https://openalex.org/W197818113","https://openalex.org/W2413568490","https://openalex.org/W1913624564","https://openalex.org/W3130054399","https://openalex.org/W4301062032","https://openalex.org/W2319837024","https://openalex.org/W2343500026","https://openalex.org/W2390627310","https://openalex.org/W2413664130"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,120],"Shadow":[1],"Brokers":[2],"(TSB)":[3],"are":[4,16],"an":[5],"infamous":[6],"group":[7],"of":[8,45,75,95,123,135],"hackers":[9],"responsible":[10],"for":[11],"major":[12],"cybercrime":[13],"incidents.":[14],"There":[15],"currently":[17],"few":[18],"studies":[19],"on":[20,71],"TSB,":[21],"and":[22,73,86,110],"to":[23,35,61],"prevent":[24],"their":[25],"attacks":[26],"in":[27,53,130],"the":[28,47,54,83],"future,":[29],"we":[30],"believe":[31],"it":[32],"is":[33],"necessary":[34],"study":[36,40,69],"them":[37],"beforehand.":[38],"This":[39],"constructs":[41],"a":[42,58,67,113,127,132],"relation":[43,114,121],"graph":[44,122],"all":[46],"entities":[48,65],"concerning":[49],"TSB":[50,116,124],"using":[51,66,117],"identifiers":[52,72],"Web.":[55],"We":[56,102],"introduce":[57],"systematic":[59],"approach":[60],"finding":[62],"relations":[63],"among":[64],"case":[68],"based":[70],"clearness":[74],"relations.":[76],"Our":[77],"investigation":[78],"covers":[79],"data":[80,93],"from":[81],"both":[82],"Surface":[84],"Web":[85,92,100],"Dark":[87,91,99],"Web,":[88],"with":[89,115],"our":[90,118],"consisting":[94],"over":[96],"40":[97],"million":[98],"webpages.":[101],"have":[103],"uncovered":[104],"many":[105],"hacking":[106,108],"forums,":[107],"groups,":[109],"individuals":[111],"having":[112],"method.":[119],"will":[125],"become":[126],"stepping":[128],"stone":[129],"developing":[131],"knowledge":[133],"base":[134],"TSB.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}