{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2896641902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3243734.3264420","title":"Building Applications with Homomorphic Encryption","display_name":"Building Applications with Homomorphic Encryption","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2896641902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3243734.3264420","mag":"2896641902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3243734.3264420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3243734.3264420","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3243734.3264420","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3243734.3264420","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039734959","display_name":"Roger A. Hallman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0971-2077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339224429","display_name":"Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific","ror":"https://ror.org/01gs1cg95","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1339224429","https://openalex.org/I2802223155","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger A. Hallman","raw_affiliation_strings":["SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific & Dartmouth College, San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific & Dartmouth College, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339224429","https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012602812","display_name":"Kim Laine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9087-5913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim Laine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101595453","display_name":"Wei Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3542-8889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042695169","display_name":"Nicolas Gama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9171"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Gama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inpher, Inc., Lusanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inpher, Inc., Lusanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012114683","display_name":"Alex J. Malozemoff","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140281","display_name":"Galois (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03g8y8161","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140281"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex J. Malozemoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Galois, Inc, Portland, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Galois, Inc, Portland, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140281"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051232717","display_name":"Yuriy Polyakov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5566-3763"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuriy Polyakov","raw_affiliation_strings":["NJIT Cybersecurity Research Center, Newark, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NJIT Cybersecurity Research Center, Newark, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023968611","display_name":"Sergiu Carpov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1724-1591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085861","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Int\u00e9gration des Syst\u00e8mes et des Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/000dbcc61","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085861","https://openalex.org/I4210117989"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergiu Carpov","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEA, LIST, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEA, LIST, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085861","https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0137,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82957907,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2160","last_page":"2162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.8908264636993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7754485607147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.7025461792945862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-secret-sharing","display_name":"Homomorphic secret sharing","score":0.5667904615402222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.5360970497131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5216291546821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/56-bit-encryption","display_name":"56-bit encryption","score":0.4159201979637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40649473667144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-encryption","display_name":"Probabilistic encryption","score":0.3364388048648834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07516095042228699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-multi-party-computation","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","score":0.07124626636505127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.8908264636993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7754485607147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7025461792945862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132161212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891458","display_name":"Homomorphic secret sharing","level":4,"score":0.5667904615402222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.5360970497131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5216291546821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46905813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4640678","display_name":"56-bit encryption","level":4,"score":0.4159201979637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40649473667144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54569210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246854","display_name":"Probabilistic encryption","level":3,"score":0.3364388048648834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07516095042228699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18396474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465888","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","level":3,"score":0.07124626636505127}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3243734.3264420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3243734.3264420","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3243734.3264420","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3243734.3264420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3243734.3264420","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3243734.3264420","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3570174282","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"727528","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7733823345","display_name":"TWC: Medium: Collaborative: Development and Evaluation of Next Generation Homomorphic Encryption Schemes","funder_award_id":"1561536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7801985147","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"727528","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306151","display_name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/052csg198"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307764","display_name":"Microsoft","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312530","display_name":"Office of the Director of National Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01v3fsc55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321877","display_name":"Fonds Unique Interminist\u00e9riel","ror":"https://ror.org/04nx63b17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333051","display_name":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity","ror":"https://ror.org/01v3fsc55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","display_name":"Horizon 2020","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337349","display_name":"NIH Office of the Director","ror":"https://ror.org/00fj8a872"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338298","display_name":"Office of Naval Research Global","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2896641902.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2896641902.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104209573","https://openalex.org/W1938821921","https://openalex.org/W2226167778","https://openalex.org/W2513602096","https://openalex.org/W2527617455","https://openalex.org/W2808195806","https://openalex.org/W2952079610","https://openalex.org/W4236580217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4316659877","https://openalex.org/W3035389378","https://openalex.org/W2607647996","https://openalex.org/W3111147403","https://openalex.org/W3183645941","https://openalex.org/W2911298733","https://openalex.org/W2171792069","https://openalex.org/W3118757263","https://openalex.org/W3203193177","https://openalex.org/W2738935486"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,84],"2009,":[1],"Craig":[2],"Gentry":[3],"introduced":[4],"the":[5,43,82,89,100,103,114,129,136,151,176,211,234],"first":[6],"\"fully\"":[7],"homomorphic":[8,67,91,125,145,152,180,213],"encryption":[9,21,47,68,92,126,146,153,214],"scheme":[10],"allowing":[11],"arbitrary":[12],"circuits":[13],"to":[14,119,124,236],"be":[15,237],"evaluated":[16],"on":[17,228],"encrypted":[18],"data.":[19],"Homomorphic":[20],"is":[22,159,183,190],"a":[23,51,96,108,121,225],"very":[24],"powerful":[25],"cryptographic":[26],"primitive,":[27],"though":[28],"it":[29],"has":[30,49],"often":[31],"been":[32],"viewed":[33],"by":[34,81,128,192],"practitioners":[35],"as":[36,105,107],"too":[37],"inefficient":[38],"for":[39],"practical":[40],"applications.":[41],"However,":[42],"performance":[44,74],"of":[45,56,99,102,113,135,141,150,178,208,210],"these":[46],"schemes":[48,69,215],"come":[50],"long":[52],"way":[53],"from":[54],"that":[55],"Gentry's":[57],"original":[58],"work:":[59],"there":[60],"are":[61,138],"now":[62],"several":[63,112],"well-maintained":[64],"libraries":[65],"implementing":[66],"and":[70,148,170,216,221,224],"protocols":[71],"demonstrating":[72],"impressive":[73],"results,":[75],"alongside":[76],"an":[77],"ongoing":[78],"standardization":[79,154],"effort":[80,155],"community.":[83,133],"this":[85],"tutorial":[86,158,182],"we":[87],"survey":[88],"existing":[90,115],"landscape,":[93],"providing":[94],"both":[95],"general":[97],"overview":[98],"state":[101],"art,":[104],"well":[106],"deeper":[109,226],"dive":[110],"into":[111,185],"libraries.":[116],"We":[117],"aim":[118],"provide":[120],"thorough":[122],"introduction":[123],"accessible":[127,191],"broader":[130],"computer":[131],"security":[132,164],"Several":[134],"presenters":[137],"core":[139],"developers":[140],"well-known":[142],"publicly":[143],"available":[144],"libraries,":[147,217],"organizers":[149],"\\hrefhttp://homomorphicencryption.org/.":[156],"This":[157],"targeted":[160],"at":[161],"application":[162],"developers,":[163],"researchers,":[165],"privacy":[166],"engineers,":[167],"graduate":[168],"students,":[169],"anyone":[171],"else":[172],"interested":[173],"in":[174],"learning":[175],"basics":[177],"modern":[179,240],"encryption.The":[181],"divided":[184],"two":[186],"parts:":[187],"Part":[188,199,231],"I":[189],"everyone":[193],"comfortable":[194],"with":[195,239],"basic":[196],"college-level":[197],"math;":[198],"II":[200,232],"will":[201],"cover":[202],"more":[203],"advanced":[204],"topics,":[205],"including":[206],"descriptions":[207],"some":[209],"different":[212],"concrete":[218],"example":[219],"applications":[220],"code":[222],"samples,":[223],"discussion":[227],"implementation":[229],"challenges.":[230],"requires":[233],"audience":[235],"familiar":[238],"C++.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}