{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2891810898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3243734.3243831","title":"Rendered Insecure","display_name":"Rendered Insecure","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2891810898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3243734.3243831","mag":"2891810898"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3243734.3243831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3243734.3243831","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3243734.3243831","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3243734.3243831","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081598692","display_name":"Hoda Naghibijouybari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0468-3032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoda Naghibijouybari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025934793","display_name":"Ajaya Neupane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7651-6095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajaya Neupane","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022038961","display_name":"Zhiyun Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1506-2522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyun Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059614371","display_name":"Nael Abu\u2010Ghazaleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-5370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nael Abu-Ghazaleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.6856,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":176,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98940872,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2139","last_page":"2153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8775739669799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.7341712713241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.7071503400802612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-processing-unit","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","score":0.4691419005393982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.4487416744232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.4271838963031769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opengl","display_name":"OpenGL","score":0.4249306619167328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4248162508010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.27209991216659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.21803653240203857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12688040733337402}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8775739669799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.7341712713241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.7071503400802612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183484","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","level":2,"score":0.4691419005393982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.4487416744232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.4271838963031769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778305236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178570","display_name":"OpenGL","level":3,"score":0.4249306619167328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4248162508010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.27209991216659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.21803653240203857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12688040733337402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3243734.3243831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3243734.3243831","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3243734.3243831","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3243734.3243831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3243734.3243831","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3243734.3243831","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2609051200","display_name":"TWC: Small: Cache-based Side Channel Attacks on Smartphone Graphics Buffers: New Vulnerabilities and Defenses","funder_award_id":"1619450","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5907495320","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1619450","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2891810898.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2891810898.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140867740","https://openalex.org/W1680392829","https://openalex.org/W1740185811","https://openalex.org/W1871471646","https://openalex.org/W1934458198","https://openalex.org/W1955645522","https://openalex.org/W1965209910","https://openalex.org/W1980800818","https://openalex.org/W2040210405","https://openalex.org/W2061354941","https://openalex.org/W2068034551","https://openalex.org/W2080592089","https://openalex.org/W2083358597","https://openalex.org/W2094258292","https://openalex.org/W2108384401","https://openalex.org/W2111160280","https://openalex.org/W2112565184","https://openalex.org/W2119028650","https://openalex.org/W2144219822","https://openalex.org/W2154123601","https://openalex.org/W2162662589","https://openalex.org/W2162826105","https://openalex.org/W2163643194","https://openalex.org/W2213200328","https://openalex.org/W2233520879","https://openalex.org/W2272516773","https://openalex.org/W2323777873","https://openalex.org/W2350778671","https://openalex.org/W2404948481","https://openalex.org/W2461943168","https://openalex.org/W2466724905","https://openalex.org/W2532820564","https://openalex.org/W2540342703","https://openalex.org/W2564856904","https://openalex.org/W2588337836","https://openalex.org/W2612278735","https://openalex.org/W2616160421","https://openalex.org/W2625850712","https://openalex.org/W2744774028","https://openalex.org/W2761113868","https://openalex.org/W2766210752","https://openalex.org/W2791034507","https://openalex.org/W2792020740","https://openalex.org/W2793790797","https://openalex.org/W2795222486","https://openalex.org/W2952511142","https://openalex.org/W2963200715","https://openalex.org/W2963270948","https://openalex.org/W3102569685","https://openalex.org/W4244286857","https://openalex.org/W4246762826","https://openalex.org/W4248947422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995701683","https://openalex.org/W2168456771","https://openalex.org/W4302439583","https://openalex.org/W1647029165","https://openalex.org/W2600176459","https://openalex.org/W2265453641","https://openalex.org/W2119534391","https://openalex.org/W2023770367","https://openalex.org/W2503137108","https://openalex.org/W1966576946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graphics":[0],"Processing":[1],"Units":[2],"(GPUs)":[3],"are":[4,22],"commonly":[5],"integrated":[6,25],"with":[7,154],"computing":[8],"devices":[9],"to":[10,37,63,69,83,95,102],"enhance":[11],"the":[12,47,71,74,84,87,97,100,104,107,120,141,146,168,186,192,199,202,206,209],"performance":[13,111],"and":[14,29,67,79,143],"capabilities":[15],"of":[16,45,73,89,99,106,171,201,208],"graphical":[17],"workloads.":[18,41],"In":[19],"addition,":[20],"they":[21,33],"increasingly":[23],"being":[24,176],"in":[26],"data":[27,39],"centers":[28],"clouds":[30],"such":[31],"that":[32,128],"can":[34,49,133,166],"be":[35,50],"used":[36,177],"accelerate":[38],"intensive":[40],"Under":[42],"a":[43,56,60,90,150,162,172],"number":[44],"scenarios":[46],"GPU":[48,85,101],"shared":[51],"between":[52],"multiple":[53],"applications":[54],"at":[55,86],"fine":[57],"granularity":[58,88,207],"allowing":[59,92],"spy":[61,132,164],"application":[62,159,165],"monitor":[64],"side":[65],"channels":[66],"attempt":[68],"infer":[70,145],"behavior":[72],"victim.":[75],"For":[76],"example,":[77],"OpenGL":[78,130],"WebGL":[80],"send":[81],"workloads":[82],"frame,":[91],"an":[93,129],"attacker":[94],"interleave":[96],"use":[98],"measure":[103],"side-effects":[105],"victim":[108],"computation":[109],"through":[110],"counters":[112],"or":[113,204],"other":[114],"resource":[115],"tracking":[116],"APIs.":[117],"We":[118],"demonstrate":[119],"vulnerability":[121],"using":[122],"two":[123],"applications.":[124],"First,":[125],"we":[126],"show":[127],"based":[131,196],"fingerprint":[134],"websites":[135],"accurately,":[136],"track":[137],"user":[138],"activities":[139],"within":[140],"website,":[142],"even":[144],"keystroke":[147],"timings":[148],"for":[149],"password":[151],"text":[152],"box":[153],"high":[155],"accuracy.":[156],"The":[157],"second":[158],"demonstrates":[160],"how":[161],"CUDA":[163,180],"derive":[167],"internal":[169],"parameters":[170],"neural":[173],"network":[174],"model":[175],"by":[178],"another":[179],"application,":[181],"illustrating":[182],"these":[183,190],"threats":[184],"on":[185,197],"cloud.":[187],"To":[188],"counter":[189],"attacks,":[191],"paper":[193],"suggests":[194],"mitigations":[195],"limiting":[198,205],"rate":[200],"calls,":[203],"returned":[210],"information.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}
