{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2896384017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3241539.3241574","title":"Proximity-Proof","display_name":"Proximity-Proof","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2896384017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3241539.3241574","mag":"2896384017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3241539.3241574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3241539.3241574","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077785541","display_name":"Dianqi Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0105-5869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dianqi Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001599513","display_name":"Yimin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1976-6041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455316","display_name":"Tao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5333-0586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421929","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5230-5998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044501278","display_name":"Yaochao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaochao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035179795","display_name":"Terri Hedgpeth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-1167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terri Hedgpeth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4902,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91309707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"401","last_page":"415"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8435582518577576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.797781229019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.5847769975662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.5676283836364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-concept","display_name":"Proof of concept","score":0.566339910030365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.44531846046447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.39543598890304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.375916987657547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.15216481685638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09309962391853333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8435582518577576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.797781229019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.5847769975662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.5676283836364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124978682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201019","display_name":"Proof of concept","level":2,"score":0.566339910030365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.44531846046447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.39543598890304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.375916987657547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.15216481685638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09309962391853333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3241539.3241574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3241539.3241574","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1106874641","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1619251, CNS-1514381, CNS-1421999, CNS-1320906, CNS-1700032, CNS-1700039, CNS-1651954, CNS-1718078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1961911537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-15-1-0328","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28722914","https://openalex.org/W1007254387","https://openalex.org/W1607198972","https://openalex.org/W1955134710","https://openalex.org/W1989085188","https://openalex.org/W1990556702","https://openalex.org/W1991648154","https://openalex.org/W2005768446","https://openalex.org/W2015155523","https://openalex.org/W2019380907","https://openalex.org/W2059942829","https://openalex.org/W2122837018","https://openalex.org/W2143357076","https://openalex.org/W2147063679","https://openalex.org/W2165158100","https://openalex.org/W2284966839","https://openalex.org/W2394945029","https://openalex.org/W2524232494","https://openalex.org/W2525798395","https://openalex.org/W2526009441","https://openalex.org/W2532423614","https://openalex.org/W2533203140","https://openalex.org/W2534878473","https://openalex.org/W2774631485","https://openalex.org/W2952173111","https://openalex.org/W3140968660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982321410","https://openalex.org/W95465806","https://openalex.org/W2392004567","https://openalex.org/W2940029036","https://openalex.org/W2187233292","https://openalex.org/W2727923250","https://openalex.org/W3197290876","https://openalex.org/W4288057757","https://openalex.org/W1999541804","https://openalex.org/W2362390624"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"two-factor":[1],"authentication":[2],"(2FA)":[3],"has":[4],"become":[5],"commonplace":[6],"along":[7],"with":[8,39],"the":[9,29,76,98,112,116,123,130],"popularity":[10],"of":[11,22,31,91,118],"mobile":[12,15,32,56,93,125,147],"devices.":[13],"Current":[14],"2FA":[16,57,68,126,148],"solutions":[17,149],"all":[18],"require":[19],"some":[20],"form":[21],"user":[23,61,168],"effort":[24],"which":[25],"may":[26],"seriously":[27],"affect":[28],"experience":[30],"users,":[33],"especially":[34],"senior":[35],"citizens":[36],"or":[37],"those":[38],"disability":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42,143,145],"visually":[43],"impaired":[44],"users.":[45],"In":[46,103],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49],"propose":[50,80],"Proximity-Proof,":[51],"a":[52,66,81,92],"secure":[53,144],"and":[54,88,132,158,164],"usable":[55],"system":[58],"without":[59],"involving":[60],"interactions.":[62],"Proximity-Proof":[63,105,121,139,157],"automatically":[64],"transmits":[65],"user's":[67],"response":[69],"via":[70],"inaudible":[71],"OFDM-modulated":[72],"acoustic":[73,108],"signals":[74],"to":[75,84,95,110,129],"login":[77],"browser.":[78],"We":[79,135,154],"novel":[82],"technique":[83],"extract":[85],"individual":[86],"speaker":[87],"microphone":[89],"fingerprints":[90],"device":[94],"defend":[96],"against":[97],"powerful":[99],"man-in-the-middle":[100],"(MiM)":[101],"attack.":[102,114],"addition,":[104],"explores":[106],"two-way":[107],"ranging":[109],"thwart":[111],"co-located":[113,133],"To":[115],"best":[117],"our":[119],"knowledge,":[120],"is":[122,140],"first":[124],"scheme":[127],"resilient":[128],"MiM":[131],"attacks.":[134],"empirically":[136],"analyze":[137],"that":[138],"at":[141],"least":[142],"existing":[146],"while":[150],"being":[151],"highly":[152],"usable.":[153],"also":[155],"prototype":[156],"confirm":[159],"its":[160],"high":[161],"security,":[162],"usability,":[163],"efficiency":[165],"through":[166],"comprehensive":[167],"experiments.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2018-10-26T00:00:00"}