{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2896237406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3241539.3241555","title":"Verification","display_name":"Verification","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2896237406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3241539.3241555","mag":"2896237406"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3241539.3241555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3241539.3241555","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108034686","display_name":"Mohamed Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3168-6626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102742675","display_name":"Hansi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0663-1949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hansi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001811028","display_name":"Minitha Jawahar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minitha Jawahar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100686335","display_name":"Vi\u1ec7t H\u00f9ng Nguy\u1ec5n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6729-3520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viet Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078160983","display_name":"Marco Gruteser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7424-4951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Gruteser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103114504","display_name":"Richard Howard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0979-4174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Howard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101771582","display_name":"Bo Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6775-5120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118136607","display_name":"General Motors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05addee68","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Motors Research, Detroit, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Motors Research, Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055017931","display_name":"Fan Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5125-5394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118136607","display_name":"General Motors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05addee68","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Motors Research, Detroit, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Motors Research, Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108034686"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0868,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":171,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97992801,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"417","last_page":"427"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.9786481857299805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chipset","display_name":"Chipset","score":0.8072959184646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7584061622619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5110644102096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4988541603088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.471534788608551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.4620802402496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"Software-defined radio","score":0.43516790866851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4205900728702545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4066804051399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3048347234725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29156142473220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.22039473056793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1349644660949707}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.9786481857299805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73431340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182656","display_name":"Chipset","level":3,"score":0.8072959184646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7584061622619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5110644102096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4988541603088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.471534788608551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.4620802402496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.43516790866851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4205900728702545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4066804051399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3048347234725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29156142473220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.22039473056793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1349644660949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3241539.3241555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3241539.3241555","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524861674","https://openalex.org/W1995364176","https://openalex.org/W2023515299","https://openalex.org/W2045689336","https://openalex.org/W2097370259","https://openalex.org/W2100470730","https://openalex.org/W2101417447","https://openalex.org/W2111125870","https://openalex.org/W2111825263","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2131960800","https://openalex.org/W2136646103","https://openalex.org/W2143204099","https://openalex.org/W2147628505","https://openalex.org/W2151096258","https://openalex.org/W2164238332","https://openalex.org/W2166576752","https://openalex.org/W2171007619","https://openalex.org/W2307851164","https://openalex.org/W2415760230","https://openalex.org/W2620122352","https://openalex.org/W2767120902","https://openalex.org/W3144471568","https://openalex.org/W3151748292","https://openalex.org/W4365799956"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W2361454123","https://openalex.org/W4308259661","https://openalex.org/W172064880","https://openalex.org/W2101244527","https://openalex.org/W2109365504","https://openalex.org/W4362639206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Academic":[0],"and":[1,29,54,58,72,79],"industry":[2],"research":[3],"has":[4],"argued":[5],"for":[6,26,48,62,85],"supporting":[7],"WiFi":[8,13,27,31,86],"time-of-flight":[9],"measurements":[10,53,103],"to":[11,127],"improve":[12],"localization.":[14],"The":[15,90],"IEEE":[16],"802.11-2016":[17],"now":[18],"includes":[19],"a":[20,55],"Fine":[21],"Time":[22],"Measurement":[23],"(FTM)":[24],"protocol":[25],"ranging,":[28],"several":[30],"chipsets":[32],"offer":[33],"hardware":[34],"support":[35],"albeit":[36],"without":[37],"fully":[38],"functional":[39],"open":[40,46,118],"software.":[41],"This":[42],"paper":[43],"introduces":[44],"an":[45],"platform":[47],"experimenting":[49],"with":[50,122],"fine":[51],"time":[52],"general,":[56],"repeatable,":[57],"accurate":[59],"measurement":[60],"framework":[61],"evaluating":[63],"time-based":[64,87],"ranging":[65,77,88,95,129],"systems.":[66],"We":[67],"analyze":[68],"the":[69,76,102],"key":[70],"factors":[71],"parameters":[73],"that":[74,93,106],"affect":[75],"performance":[78],"revisit":[80],"standard":[81],"error":[82],"correction":[83],"techniques":[84],"system.":[89],"results":[91],"confirm":[92],"meter-level":[94],"accuracy":[96],"is":[97],"possible":[98],"as":[99,117],"promised,":[100],"but":[101],"also":[104],"show":[105],"this":[107],"can":[108],"only":[109],"be":[110],"consistently":[111],"achieved":[112],"in":[113],"low-multipath":[114],"environments":[115],"such":[116],"outdoor":[119],"spaces":[120],"or":[121,131],"denser":[123],"access":[124],"point":[125],"deployments":[126],"enable":[128],"at":[130],"above":[132],"80":[133],"MHz":[134],"bandwidth.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2018-10-26T00:00:00"}