{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2890058837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3241403.3241422","title":"The visual variables in UML","display_name":"The visual variables in UML","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2890058837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3241403.3241422","mag":"2890058837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3241403.3241422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3241403.3241422","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056670241","display_name":"Yosser El Ahmar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yosser El Ahmar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057817874","display_name":"Xavier Le Pallec","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xavier Le Pallec","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037845534","display_name":"S\u00e9bastien G\u00e9rard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0295-0520"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00e9bastien G\u00e9rard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Driven Engineering for Embedded Systems, Gif-sur-Yvette, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Driven Engineering for Embedded Systems, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056670241"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09210646,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13197","display_name":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-modeling-language","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","score":0.7962104678153992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applications-of-uml","display_name":"Applications of UML","score":0.7783876657485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6902053952217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uml-tool","display_name":"UML tool","score":0.6711252331733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-diagram","display_name":"Class diagram","score":0.6048450469970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5650008320808411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-modeling","display_name":"Visual modeling","score":0.4688464403152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-diagram","display_name":"Communication diagram","score":0.46852418780326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.44033458828926086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.37050360441207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3402256965637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.17467311024665833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145644426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169411","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","level":3,"score":0.7962104678153992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41298492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781506","display_name":"Applications of UML","level":4,"score":0.7783876657485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6902053952217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146939238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2467310","display_name":"UML tool","level":4,"score":0.6711252331733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202446494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664166","display_name":"Class diagram","level":4,"score":0.6048450469970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5650008320808411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780330621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936609","display_name":"Visual modeling","level":4,"score":0.4688464403152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48419115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q950859","display_name":"Communication diagram","level":5,"score":0.46852418780326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.44033458828926086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.37050360441207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3402256965637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.17467311024665833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3241403.3241422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3241403.3241422","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588957466","https://openalex.org/W1983749361","https://openalex.org/W2029387109","https://openalex.org/W2064189581","https://openalex.org/W2110143060","https://openalex.org/W2147824403","https://openalex.org/W2525290333","https://openalex.org/W2550360227","https://openalex.org/W2604302957","https://openalex.org/W2783886839","https://openalex.org/W6635087998","https://openalex.org/W6729583497"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169013090","https://openalex.org/W2112630554","https://openalex.org/W2387087283","https://openalex.org/W2908933429","https://openalex.org/W1577567517","https://openalex.org/W2139608660","https://openalex.org/W1608633941","https://openalex.org/W2380699270","https://openalex.org/W2775461854","https://openalex.org/W2051115988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"results":[3,115],"of":[4,9,17,25,39,49,70,78,86,102,112,121],"an":[5],"empirical":[6],"research":[7],"study":[8,41,80],"the":[10,40,47,50,68,79,84,87,99,113,119,124],"Unified":[11],"Modeling":[12],"Language":[13],"(UML)":[14],"actual":[15],"state":[16],"practice.":[18],"It":[19],"reports":[20],"on":[21,46,67,118],"a":[22,64],"quantitative":[23],"analysis":[24],">":[26],"3500":[27],"UML":[28],"diagrams":[29],"related":[30],"to":[31,43,82],"open":[32],"source":[33],"projects":[34,125],"in":[35,61,72,90,97,123,129],"GitHub.":[36],"The":[37,75],"aim":[38],"is":[42,81],"shed":[44],"light":[45],"use":[48],"visual":[51,88,127],"variables":[52,89],"(i.e.,":[53],"color,":[54],"size,":[55],"brightness,":[56],"texture/grain,":[57],"shape":[58],"and":[59,116],"orientation)":[60],"UML,":[62],"with":[63],"particular":[65],"focus":[66],"practices":[69],"women":[71,122],"such":[73],"usages.":[74],"theoretical":[76],"perspective":[77],"explore":[83],"usefulness":[85],"UML.":[91],"These":[92],"latter":[93],"are":[94],"highly":[95],"significant":[96],"reducing":[98],"cognitive":[100],"load":[101],"human":[103],"beings,":[104],"when":[105],"effectively":[106],"employed.":[107],"We":[108],"conclude":[109],"by":[110],"discussions":[111],"obtained":[114],"commenting":[117],"role":[120],"involving":[126],"variations":[128],"their":[130],"diagrams.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
