{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2900075744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3240765.3240845","title":"Scalable-effort ConvNets for multilevel classification","display_name":"Scalable-effort ConvNets for multilevel classification","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2900075744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3240765.3240845","mag":"2900075744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3240765.3240845","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3240765.3240845","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084909548","display_name":"Valentino Peluso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0527-8602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentino Peluso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Italy","Politecnico di Torino, Turin, 10129, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Turin, 10129, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034581393","display_name":"Andrea Calimera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-3811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Calimera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Italy","Politecnico di Torino, Turin, 10129, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Turin, 10129, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.8592658042907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8379611968994141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.747208297252655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction-layer","display_name":"Abstraction layer","score":0.589495062828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5558993220329285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5330544710159302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5098561644554138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.48347264528274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4798533320426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42778700590133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4090276062488556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3970620632171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.32952064275741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.10694679617881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08043038845062256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.8592658042907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8379611968994141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.747208297252655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147358964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200992","display_name":"Abstraction layer","level":3,"score":0.589495062828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5558993220329285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5330544710159302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5098561644554138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.48347264528274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4798533320426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42778700590133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4090276062488556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3970620632171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.32952064275741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.10694679617881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08043038845062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3240765.3240845","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3240765.3240845","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W601884869","https://openalex.org/W1587217691","https://openalex.org/W1937922215","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2114623221","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2260498192","https://openalex.org/W2279098554","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2308155233","https://openalex.org/W2337344472","https://openalex.org/W2431931973","https://openalex.org/W2524428287","https://openalex.org/W2529546376","https://openalex.org/W2554302513","https://openalex.org/W2593564159","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2751746637","https://openalex.org/W2783000019","https://openalex.org/W2801848938","https://openalex.org/W2962860144","https://openalex.org/W2963114950","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3147600416","https://openalex.org/W4236965008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984744919","https://openalex.org/W2770599040","https://openalex.org/W1901380330","https://openalex.org/W2132930690","https://openalex.org/W4248324254","https://openalex.org/W3017219868","https://openalex.org/W3009812692","https://openalex.org/W2901324294","https://openalex.org/W2105980483","https://openalex.org/W3117872823"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"introduces":[2],"the":[3,31,34,38,44,77,123,169],"concept":[4],"of":[5,17,33,40,71,100,118],"scalable-effort":[6,142],"Convolutional":[7],"Neural":[8],"Networks":[9],"(ConvNets),":[10],"an":[11,69,105],"effort-accuracy":[12],"scalable":[13],"model":[14,66],"for":[15,85,125,172],"classification":[16,35,52],"data":[18],"at":[19,28,114,153,160],"multilevel":[20],"abstraction.":[21,119],"Scalable-effort":[22],"ConvNets":[23,143,166],"are":[24],"able":[25],"to":[26,30],"adapt":[27],"run-time":[29],"complexity":[32],"problem,":[36],"i.e.":[37,129],"level":[39,117],"abstraction":[41],"defined":[42],"by":[43],"application":[45],"(or":[46],"context),":[47],"and":[48,82,132,135,146],"reach":[49],"a":[50,63,96,115],"given":[51],"accuracy":[53,158],"with":[54,88,137],"minimal":[55],"computational":[56,150],"effort.":[57],"The":[58,92],"mechanism":[59],"is":[60],"implemented":[61],"using":[62],"single-weight":[64],"scalable-precision":[65,101],"rather":[67],"than":[68],"ensemble":[70],"quantized":[72],"weight":[73],"models;":[74],"this":[75],"makes":[76],"proposed":[78],"strategy":[79],"highly":[80],"flexible":[81],"particularly":[83],"suited":[84],"embedded":[86],"architectures":[87],"limited":[89],"resource":[90],"availability.":[91],"paper":[93],"describes":[94],"(i)":[95],"hardware/software":[97],"vertical":[98],"implementation":[99],"multiply&#x0026;accumulate":[102],"arithmetic,":[103],"(ii)":[104],"accuracy-constrained":[106],"heuristic":[107],"that":[108],"delivers":[109],"near-optimal":[110],"layer-by-layer":[111],"precision":[112],"mapping":[113],"predefined":[116],"It":[120],"also":[121],"reports":[122],"validation":[124],"three":[126,170],"state-of-the-art":[127],"nets,":[128],"AlexNet,":[130],"SqueezeNet":[131],"MobileNet,":[133],"trained":[134],"tested":[136],"ImageNet.":[138],"Collected":[139],"results":[140],"show":[141],"guarantee":[144],"flexibility":[145],"substantial":[147],"savings:":[148],"47.07%":[149],"effort":[151,162],"reduction":[152],"minimum":[154],"accuracy,":[155],"or":[156],"30.6%":[157],"improvement":[159],"maximum":[161],"w.r.t.":[163],"standard":[164],"flat":[165],"(average":[167],"over":[168],"benchmarks":[171],"high-level":[173],"classification).":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
