{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2888348590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3238147.3240469","title":"node2defect: using network embedding to improve software defect prediction","display_name":"node2defect: using network embedding to improve software defect prediction","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2888348590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3238147.3240469","mag":"2888348590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3238147.3240469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3238147.3240469","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 33rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101578655","display_name":"Yu Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1400-6740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101554099","display_name":"Ting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7600-0934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076415623","display_name":"Jianlei Chi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7298-0955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianlei Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109403378","display_name":"Yangxu Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangxu Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003445196","display_name":"Di Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2859-9003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070236512","display_name":"Ancheng He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ancheng He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041083459","display_name":"Qinghua Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8436-4754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghua Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101578655"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1415,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93396692,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"844","last_page":"849"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8088434338569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.7148164510726929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.6184300780296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centrality","display_name":"Centrality","score":0.6005775332450867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5935614109039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5555727481842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.537939190864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.521294355392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-metric","display_name":"Software metric","score":0.4691202938556671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4445450007915497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41995227336883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4055701494216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3810189366340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.3778291642665863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.255887895822525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.08955782651901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08433014154434204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8088434338569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7148164510726929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.6184300780296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53811970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194","display_name":"Centrality","level":2,"score":0.6005775332450867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5935614109039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5555727481842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.537939190864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.521294355392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.4691202938556671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4445450007915497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41995227336883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4055701494216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3810189366340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.3778291642665863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.255887895822525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.08955782651901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08433014154434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3238147.3240469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3238147.3240469","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 33rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165633843","https://openalex.org/W168970045","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1611601820","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1899594931","https://openalex.org/W1972458945","https://openalex.org/W1974601952","https://openalex.org/W1995945562","https://openalex.org/W2025700486","https://openalex.org/W2029123435","https://openalex.org/W2073294644","https://openalex.org/W2124418175","https://openalex.org/W2135198476","https://openalex.org/W2158864412","https://openalex.org/W2171707538","https://openalex.org/W2257831454","https://openalex.org/W2523229043","https://openalex.org/W2548549162","https://openalex.org/W2612872092","https://openalex.org/W2751318774","https://openalex.org/W2755316671","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2963224980","https://openalex.org/W2963460103","https://openalex.org/W2992576352","https://openalex.org/W3012424800","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114733359","https://openalex.org/W1968759887","https://openalex.org/W2120160228","https://openalex.org/W2924268061","https://openalex.org/W2981213879","https://openalex.org/W2407077705","https://openalex.org/W2069638715","https://openalex.org/W2111633359","https://openalex.org/W2025910594","https://openalex.org/W1540515952"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"measures":[1,20,37],"have":[2,32],"been":[3],"proved":[4],"to":[5,52,76,79,88,106],"be":[6],"useful":[7],"in":[8,144,153],"predicting":[9],"software":[10,17,27,90,123],"defects.":[11],"Leveraging":[12],"the":[13,54,112,118,148],"dependency":[14,81],"relationships":[15],"between":[16],"modules,":[18],"network":[19,36,72,82],"can":[21],"capture":[22],"various":[23],"structural":[24,55,109],"features":[25,110,120],"of":[26,111,155],"systems.":[28],"However,":[29],"existing":[30],"studies":[31],"relied":[33],"on":[34,134],"user-defined":[35],"(e.g.,":[38],"degree":[39],"statistics":[40],"or":[41],"centrality":[42],"metrics),":[43],"which":[44,67],"are":[45],"inflexible":[46],"and":[47],"require":[48],"high":[49],"computation":[50],"cost,":[51],"describe":[53],"features.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"we":[60,94,116],"propose":[61],"a":[62,69,97],"new":[63],"method":[64,133],"called":[65],"node2defect":[66,146],"uses":[68],"newly":[70],"proposed":[71],"embedding":[73],"technique,":[74],"node2vec,":[75],"automatically":[77,107],"learn":[78,108],"encode":[80],"structure":[83],"into":[84],"low-dimensional":[85],"vector":[86],"spaces":[87],"improve":[89],"defect":[91,128],"prediction.":[92,129],"Specifically,":[93],"firstly":[95],"construct":[96],"program's":[98],"Class":[99],"Dependency":[100],"Network.":[101],"Then":[102],"node2vec":[103],"is":[104],"used":[105],"network.":[113],"After":[114],"that,":[115],"combine":[117],"learned":[119],"with":[121],"traditional":[122],"engineering":[124],"features,":[125],"for":[126],"accurate":[127],"We":[130],"evaluate":[131],"our":[132],"15":[135],"open":[136],"source":[137],"programs.":[138],"The":[139],"experimental":[140],"results":[141],"show":[142],"that":[143],"average,":[145],"improves":[147],"state-of-the-art":[149],"approach":[150],"by":[151],"9.15%":[152],"terms":[154],"F-measure.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
