{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2890518564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3235765.3235821","title":"Measuring quality of grammars for procedural level generation","display_name":"Measuring quality of grammars for procedural level generation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2890518564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3235765.3235821","mag":"2890518564"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3235765.3235821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3235765.3235821","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/28457/28457.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017886100","display_name":"Riemer van Rozen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3834-682X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55106644","display_name":"Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00y2z2s03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55106644"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riemer van Rozen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55106644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005756598","display_name":"Quinten Heijn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quinten Heijn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8342,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75269335,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7822386026382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.7456552982330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.7160819172859192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.636562705039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.6263761520385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.6000379920005798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.5945013761520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4828129708766937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.45517590641975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.41522717475891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.36044639348983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.12237265706062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08377969264984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.07030490040779114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7822386026382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7456552982330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7160819172859192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.636562705039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6263761520385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.6000379920005798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.5945013761520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4828129708766937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.45517590641975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.41522717475891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.36044639348983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.12237265706062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08377969264984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.07030490040779114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3235765.3235821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3235765.3235821","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cwi.nl:28457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/28457","pdf_url":"https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/28457/28457.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055335","display_name":"Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), the national research institute for mathematics and computer science in the Netherlands","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:hbo:oai:hbokennisbank.nl:amsterdam_pure:oai:pure.hva.nl:publications/4261e5ef-4319-4278-842a-2dd54de17e32","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.hva.nl/en/publications/4261e5ef-4319-4278-842a-2dd54de17e32","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"FDG '18: proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencepaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cwi.nl:28457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/28457","pdf_url":"https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/28457/28457.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055335","display_name":"Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), the national research institute for mathematics and computer science in the Netherlands","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890518564.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890518564.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976902149","https://openalex.org/W2020987898","https://openalex.org/W2060020482","https://openalex.org/W2066146655","https://openalex.org/W2103823214","https://openalex.org/W2104789737","https://openalex.org/W2138068140","https://openalex.org/W2152660354","https://openalex.org/W2155028447","https://openalex.org/W2285705249","https://openalex.org/W2534314849","https://openalex.org/W2574952924","https://openalex.org/W2753104841","https://openalex.org/W2792919371","https://openalex.org/W4244584261"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W579810227","https://openalex.org/W2952780262","https://openalex.org/W2979495269","https://openalex.org/W2392917763","https://openalex.org/W2083429127","https://openalex.org/W3037187668","https://openalex.org/W2358855848","https://openalex.org/W2142145894","https://openalex.org/W2033808215","https://openalex.org/W2118045671"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Grammar-based":[0],"procedural":[1],"level":[2,8,27,50,93,101,114,152],"generation":[3,102],"raises":[4,135],"the":[5,20,48,83],"productivity":[6,22],"of":[7,26,64,112],"designers":[9,147],"for":[10,91],"games":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13],"dungeon":[14],"crawl":[15],"and":[16,32,52,86,95,107,131,138,143,151],"platform":[17],"games.":[18],"However,":[19],"improved":[21],"comes":[23],"at":[24],"cost":[25],"quality":[28],"assurance.":[29],"Authoring,":[30],"improving":[31],"maintaining":[33],"grammars":[34],"is":[35,39,55],"difficult":[36],"because":[37],"it":[38],"hard":[40],"to":[41,79,127],"predict":[42],"how":[43,97],"each":[44],"grammar":[45],"rule":[46,72],"impacts":[47],"overall":[49],"quality,":[51],"tool":[53],"support":[54],"lacking.":[56],"We":[57,104],"propose":[58],"a":[59,71,110,113],"novel":[60],"metric":[61],"called":[62,116],"Metric":[63],"Added":[65],"Detail":[66],"(MAD)":[67],"that":[68,123,132],"indicates":[69],"if":[70],"adds":[73],"or":[74],"removes":[75],"detail":[76],"with":[77],"respect":[78],"its":[80],"phase":[81],"in":[82,100],"transformation":[84],"pipeline,":[85],"Specification":[87],"Analysis":[88],"Reporting":[89],"(SAnR)":[90],"expressing":[92],"properties":[94,130],"analyzing":[96],"qualities":[98],"evolve":[99],"histories.":[103],"demonstrate":[105],"MAD":[106,133,137],"SAnR":[108,129,139],"using":[109],"prototype":[111],"generator":[115],"Ludoscope":[117],"Lite.":[118],"Our":[119],"preliminary":[120],"results":[121],"show":[122],"problematic":[124],"rules":[125],"tend":[126],"break":[128],"intuitively":[134],"flags.":[136],"augment":[140],"existing":[141],"approaches,":[142],"can":[144],"ultimately":[145],"help":[146],"make":[148],"better":[149],"levels":[150],"generators.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-25T07:29:55.448023","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}