{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2809128676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3231644.3231681","title":"Toward large-scale automated scoring of scientific visual models","display_name":"Toward large-scale automated scoring of scientific visual models","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2809128676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3231644.3231681","mag":"2809128676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3231644.3231681","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3231644.3231681","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fifth Annual ACM Conference on Learning at Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112228635","display_name":"Chee Wee Leong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","display_name":"Educational Testing Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5q4637","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chee Wee Leong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Testing Service"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Testing Service","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102875075","display_name":"Lei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0447-7661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","display_name":"Educational Testing Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5q4637","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Testing Service"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Testing Service","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030738204","display_name":"Rutuja Ubale","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","display_name":"Educational Testing Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5q4637","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rutuja Ubale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Testing Service"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Testing Service","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333516","display_name":"Lei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8257-5806"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liulishuo.com, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liulishuo.com, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112228635"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08202443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6800958514213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5318496227264404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creativity","display_name":"Creativity","score":0.5269376039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.525787353515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-modelling","display_name":"Scientific modelling","score":0.5229600071907043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3334084749221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1703166663646698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.11435398459434509}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6800958514213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5318496227264404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.5269376039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.525787353515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138379479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1116876","display_name":"Scientific modelling","level":2,"score":0.5229600071907043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3334084749221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1703166663646698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.11435398459434509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3231644.3231681","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3231644.3231681","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fifth Annual ACM Conference on Learning at Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545396227","https://openalex.org/W1581500615","https://openalex.org/W1954968711","https://openalex.org/W2054745834","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2175498352","https://openalex.org/W2741155461","https://openalex.org/W6675354045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387497383","https://openalex.org/W3183948672","https://openalex.org/W3173606202","https://openalex.org/W3110381201","https://openalex.org/W2948807893","https://openalex.org/W2935909890","https://openalex.org/W2778153218","https://openalex.org/W2758277628","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1531601525"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visual":[0],"models":[1,42,96],"of":[2,39,61,65,78,85,107],"scientific":[3,40,55,79],"concepts":[4,80],"drawn":[5],"by":[6,24,43],"students":[7],"afford":[8],"expanded":[9],"opportunities":[10],"for":[11,37],"showing":[12],"their":[13],"understanding":[14,77],"beyond":[15],"textual":[16],"descriptions,":[17],"but":[18],"also":[19],"introduce":[20],"other":[21],"elements":[22],"characterized":[23],"artistic":[25,59],"creativity":[26],"and":[27,58,67,72,83],"complexity.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"paper,":[31],"we":[32,88],"describe":[33],"a":[34,70],"standardized":[35],"framework":[36,47],"evaluation":[38,100],"visual":[41],"human":[44],"raters.":[45],"This":[46],"attempts":[48],"to":[49,75,92],"disentangle":[50],"the":[51,54,99,105],"interaction":[52],"between":[53],"modeling":[56],"skills":[57,60],"representing":[62],"real":[63],"objects":[64],"students,":[66],"potentially":[68],"provides":[69],"fair":[71],"valid":[73],"way":[74],"assess":[76],"e.g.":[81],"structure":[82],"properties":[84],"Matter.":[86],"Additionally,":[87],"report":[89],"ongoing":[90],"efforts":[91],"build":[93],"automated":[94,110],"assessment":[95],"based":[97],"on":[98],"framework.":[101],"Preliminary":[102],"findings":[103],"suggest":[104],"promise":[106],"such":[108],"an":[109],"approach.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}