{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2885114108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3230977.3230988","title":"Starting from Scratch","display_name":"Starting from Scratch","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2885114108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3230977.3230988","mag":"2885114108"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3230977.3230988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3230977.3230988","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044386678","display_name":"David Weintrop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3009-3899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Weintrop","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046001365","display_name":"Alexandria K. Hansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-3612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandria K. Hansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048420844","display_name":"Danielle B. Harlow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-7659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danielle B. Harlow","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015650035","display_name":"Diana Franklin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1495-9805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diana Franklin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166","https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"142","last_page":"150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9670000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scratch","display_name":"Scratch","score":0.7814317941665649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7172834873199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.7000097036361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum","display_name":"Curriculum","score":0.6558480262756348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6179612278938293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5147112011909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.45603621006011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.22293055057525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.139830082654953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10462945699691772}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781235140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275131","display_name":"Scratch","level":2,"score":0.7814317941665649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7172834873199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.7000097036361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.6558480262756348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6179612278938293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5147112011909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.45603621006011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.22293055057525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.139830082654953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10462945699691772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3230977.3230988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3230977.3230988","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3145263633","display_name":"ScratchEncore: Equity via a Flexible, Culturally-Relevant Advanced Scratch Curriculum for Upper Elementary Diverse Students and Teachers","funder_award_id":"1738758","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W132604915","https://openalex.org/W198790123","https://openalex.org/W1815090327","https://openalex.org/W1818016653","https://openalex.org/W1880963550","https://openalex.org/W1951384579","https://openalex.org/W1963557108","https://openalex.org/W1970940397","https://openalex.org/W1980637464","https://openalex.org/W1981807900","https://openalex.org/W1986659921","https://openalex.org/W1990060255","https://openalex.org/W1992839463","https://openalex.org/W1997936823","https://openalex.org/W2009390016","https://openalex.org/W2012761058","https://openalex.org/W2039969432","https://openalex.org/W2049134908","https://openalex.org/W2056901560","https://openalex.org/W2057477818","https://openalex.org/W2059640080","https://openalex.org/W2061177236","https://openalex.org/W2065364955","https://openalex.org/W2066998450","https://openalex.org/W2082575251","https://openalex.org/W2084944215","https://openalex.org/W2090655269","https://openalex.org/W2109355610","https://openalex.org/W2120640415","https://openalex.org/W2121133761","https://openalex.org/W2143470593","https://openalex.org/W2149136931","https://openalex.org/W2150795540","https://openalex.org/W2154306835","https://openalex.org/W2158778977","https://openalex.org/W2196854537","https://openalex.org/W2280536240","https://openalex.org/W2490381307","https://openalex.org/W2576118556","https://openalex.org/W2593784202","https://openalex.org/W2593793328","https://openalex.org/W2604166014","https://openalex.org/W2605091708","https://openalex.org/W2619648993","https://openalex.org/W2767026290","https://openalex.org/W2793295531","https://openalex.org/W2800626389","https://openalex.org/W2892174257","https://openalex.org/W2997766467","https://openalex.org/W4236859963","https://openalex.org/W4293898435","https://openalex.org/W7034540541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2475116013","https://openalex.org/W2770018148","https://openalex.org/W2358308169","https://openalex.org/W2385135707","https://openalex.org/W2140315382","https://openalex.org/W2059109728","https://openalex.org/W322691623","https://openalex.org/W2494989134","https://openalex.org/W2509444723","https://openalex.org/W2004958254"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visual":[0],"block-based":[1],"programming":[2,119],"environments":[3],"(VBBPEs)":[4],"such":[5],"as":[6],"Scratch":[7],"and":[8,25,36,57,125,156,170,192,214],"Alice":[9],"are":[10,31],"increasingly":[11],"being":[12,108],"used":[13,109],"in":[14,102,211],"introductory":[15,64,212],"computer":[16,47,91,183,221],"science":[17,48,92,184,222],"lessons":[18],"across":[19],"elementary":[20],"school":[21],"grades.":[22],"These":[23],"environments,":[24,191],"the":[26,51,78,115,127,145,157,159,207,218],"curricula":[27],"that":[28,74,179],"accompany":[29],"them,":[30,149,155],"designed":[32],"to":[33,110,121,132,198],"be":[34],"developmentally-appropriate":[35,190],"engaging":[37],"for":[38,45,87,162],"younger":[39],"learners":[40,151],"but":[41,82],"may":[42],"introduce":[43],"challenges":[44,86],"future":[46,163,199],"educators.":[49,164],"Using":[50],"final":[52],"projects":[53],"of":[54,80,89,117,129,137,175,206,209],"4th,":[55],"5th,":[56],"6th":[58],"grade":[59],"students":[60],"who":[61],"completed":[62],"an":[63],"curriculum":[65],"using":[66],"a":[67],"VBBPE,":[68],"this":[69,176],"paper":[70,95,202],"focuses":[71,96],"on":[72,97,143],"patterns":[73],"show":[75],"success":[76],"within":[77,189,217],"context":[79],"VBBPEs":[81,210],"could":[83],"pose":[84],"potential":[85],"teachers":[88],"follow-up":[90],"instruction.":[93],"This":[94,201],"three":[98],"specific":[99],"strategies":[100,120],"observed":[101],"learners'":[103],"projects:":[104],"(1)":[105],"wait":[106],"blocks":[107],"manage":[111],"program":[112],"execution,":[113],"(2)":[114],"use":[116],"event-based":[118],"produce":[122],"parallel":[123],"outcomes,":[124,139],"(3)":[126],"coupling":[128],"taught":[130],"concepts":[131],"curricular":[133],"presentation.":[134],"For":[135],"each":[136],"these":[138],"we":[140],"present":[141],"data":[142],"how":[144],"course":[146],"materials":[147],"supported":[148],"what":[150],"achieved":[152],"while":[153],"enacting":[154],"implications":[158,195],"strategy":[160],"poses":[161],"We":[165],"then":[166],"discuss":[167],"possible":[168],"design":[169],"pedagogical":[171],"responses.":[172],"The":[173],"contribution":[174],"work":[177],"is":[178],"it":[180],"identifies":[181],"early":[182],"learning":[185],"strategies,":[186],"contextualizes":[187],"them":[188],"discusses":[193],"their":[194,215],"with":[196],"respect":[197],"pedagogy.":[200],"advances":[203],"our":[204],"understanding":[205],"role":[208],"computing":[213],"place":[216],"larger":[219],"K-12":[220],"trajectory.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
